الفهرس 
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Abstract
Classic fat grafting is mostly used to build up large volumes, especially in reconstructive cases. In which it is crucial to preserve as many viable adipocytes as possible. Nanofat does not has the capacity to build up a significant fat volume. Consequently, nanofat is evidently not suitable for these indications. In fact, because of the lack of adipocytes, the volumetric effect of nanofat is obviously very limited. Therefore, the indications for nanofat injection are different when compared with microfat grafting.
Usually, nanofat grafting is combined with other modalities of microfat grafting such as sharp needle intradermal fat grafting to obtain a soft-tissue filling effect, where the nanofat is layered more fanwise in an intradermal level to enhance the skin quality. The effect of nanofat usually appears with a delay of 4 weeks to 3 months. In the case where dark circles were treated, the beneficiary effect was preceded by a rather prolonged erythematous phase, which most likely is attributable to the soft-tissue rearrangement.
In fact, it may be questioned whether a nanofat transfer actually is a “fat grafting” procedure, as adipocytes did not survive the emulsification process. The major effect of nanofat injection is probably a stem cell activity. Likewise, nanofat injection might rather be considered as an in vivo tissue-engineering process. It might be logical to discard the dead adipocyte fraction from the nanofat and to inject the purified stromal vascular fraction only. However, isolating the stromal vascular fraction out of the nanofat before injection in routine clinical cases would be time consuming, complicated, and expensive. Besides, it requires specific laboratory equipment and experience.
And in conclusion, using nanofat in combination with PRP has no difference in the final results.