الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This research includes field and laboratory studies, the field carried out under
the prevailing conditions in two locations (the animal farm of faculty of agriculture
at Shebin El-kom and a private animal and poultry farm in El-dabayba in Berkt Elsaba)
which located at Menoufia Province to survey certain mite species of farm
manure inhabiting three different type of organic manure ( Cattle, sheep and
poultry), in addition to study the abundance of manure mite population associated
with manure mentioned above at both localities in Menoufia province during one
year from January to December 2016 . laboratory studies were conducted in
Agricultural Zoology Department to identify mite species and do taxonomical and
biological studies .
1-Ecological study:
Ecological studies were conducted to survey mite species associated with
the different types of manures and study the population abundance of different
groups of mites on this manures.
1-1-Survey study:
Forty three species belonging to thirty seven genera under twenty seven
families were collected and identified from tested manures.
These families are Acaridae, Glycoglyphidae, Saproglyphidae and
Scatoglyphidae from suborder Acaridida ; Bdellidae, Caligonellidae, Cheyletidae,
Cunaxidae, Microdespidae, Microtrombedidae, Pygmyphoridae, Scutacaridae,
Siteroptidae, Stigmaidae and Tarsonemidae from Actinedida; Ameroseiidae,
Ascidae, Degmassellidae,Dermanyssidae, Laelapidae, Macrochelidae, Meliacaridae,
Parasitidae, Sajidae and Uropodidae from Gamasida; Ctenacaridae and Opiidae
from Oribatida.
Finally, it could be concluded that the families Cheylletidae, Laelapidae, Macrochelidae, Pygmyphoridae. constituted the majority of collected species .
These families include the most abundant species . Also family Acaridae ranked the
first in numbers and population followed by family Cheyletidae and Laelapidae .
1-2-Population abundance:
The population abundance of the four groups (Acaridida, Actinididae,
Gamasida and Oribatida ) were studied at the three types of manure mentioned
above at both localities, the date indicated that
1.2.1.Suborder: Acaridida
As for the average numbers of Acaridida mite of different manure types,
statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the mite
numbers in tested manures at Shebin El-kom locality as ( 52.3 &75.6 & 6.4
individuals/ 1 kg ) on cattle , poultry and sheep manure; respectively, Also there
were no significant differences between the mite numbers in cattle and poultry
manure tested at Berket El-saba locality, while there were significant differences
between the mite individuals between sheep manure and other types as ( 321.1 &
306.9 and 7.2 individuals/ 1 kg ) on cattle , poultry and sheep manure, respectively.
As for the population abundance of Acaridida mites along year months,
statistical analysis revealed that the highest numbers recorded at Shebin El-kom
Locality was in December as (418.0 individuals/ 1 kg ) followed by November
(389.0 individuals/ 1 kg ) respectively, while the lowest number was recorded in
May and April as (24.3 and 27.3 individuals/ 1 kg)
At Berket El-saba locality the highest number of mites recorded at June
(1487.6 individuals/ 1 kg ) while lowest number was recorded from August to
November months ( less than 100 individuals/ 1 kg) .
1.2.2.Suborder: Actinidida
As for the average numbers of Actinidida mite of different manure types,
statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the mite
numbers in tested manures at Shebin El-kom locality as (114.7 & 75.4 & 36.2
individuals/ 1 kg ) on poultry, cattle and sheep manure; respectively, in addition to
there were significant differences between the mite numbers in tested manures at
Berket El-saba locality, as (74.5 & 56.9 and 17.6 individuals/ 1 kg ) on poultry,
cattle and sheep manure, respectively.
As for the population abundance of Actinidida mites along year months,
statistical analysis indicated that the highest numbers recorded at Shebin El-kom
Locality was in January as (756.6 individuals/ 1 kg ) followed by February (578.9
individuals/ 1 kg ) , while no Actinidida mite recorded in March month.
At Berket El-saba locality the highest number of mites recorded at
November as (842.3 individuals/ 1 kg ) followed by July as (548.3 individuals/ 1 kg)
while no individuals recorded at March and April months .
1.2.3.Suborder: Gamasida
As for the average numbers of Gamasida mite of different manure types,
statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the mite
numbers in tested manures at Shebin El-kom locality as (738.7 & 478.7 & 92.8
individuals/ 1 kg ) on cattle, poultry and sheep manure; respectively, while the
Gamasida individuals numbers in tested manures at Berket El-saba locality recorded
as (33.5 & 22.0 and 4.5 individuals/ 1 kg ) on cattle, poultry and sheep manure,
respectively.
As for the population abundance of Actinidida mites along year months,
statistical analysis revealed that the highest numbers recorded at Shebin El-kom
Locality was in April months as (424.7 individuals/ 1 kg ), while the lowest
numbers was recorded in June and August as ( less than 10 individuals/ 1 kg ).
At Berket El-saba locality the highest number of mites recorded at April and
November as (146.3 and 161.7 individuals/ 1 kg ), while the lowest numbers was
recorded in July and August as ( less than 5.0 individuals/ 1 kg ).
1.2.4.Suborder: Oribatida
As for the average numbers of Oribatida mite of different manure types,
statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the mite
numbers in tested manures at Shebin El-kom locality as (10.4 &9.2 & 4.8
individuals/ 1 kg ) on cattle , poultry and sheep manure; respectively, while there
were no significant differences between the mite numbers in tested manures at
Berket El-saba locality less than ( 2.0 individuals/ 1 kg ) on the three type of
manure. As for the population abundance of Oribatida mites along year months,
statistical analysis revealed that the highest numbers (92.0 individuals/ 1 kg ) was recorded in October at Shebin El-kom Locality followed by December and
November (55.3 & 50.6 individuals/ 1 kg ) respectively, while no mite recorded in
June month. At Berket El-saba locality the highest number of mites recorded at
November (14.3individuals/ 1 kg ) while no mite recorded in January, June and
September months .
2- Taxonomical studies:
The full description and measurements of adult stages of Dendrolaelaps
monoufiensis n. sp. were presented.
3- Biological studies:
The predatory mite, Dendrolaelaps monoufiensis n. sp. was reared on
different types of preys to study its behavior, biological aspects (Moulting, Mating,
Oviposition and Development )
3.1. Habitat and Behavior:
Field observations showed that D. monoufiensis n. sp. Individuals were
inhabit poultry manure associated with dung beetles It occurred in a moderate
numbers especially through March to June months at Shebin El-kom locality,
Menoufia Province.
3.2. Biological aspects:
3.2.1. Moulting:
Each active motile stage when full growth entered a semi-quiescent stage
during which it stopped feeding but could move if disturbed.
3.2.2. Mating:
Mating was essential for reproduction as unmated female failed to deposit
eggs. The male can mate more than one female and the latter accepted more than
once.
3.2.3. Oviposition:
Laboratory observations reported that adult female of D. monoufiensis n. sp.
deposited single eggs in hiding places which they search for in cracks or holes in
plaster of pairs substratum .
3.2.4. Development:
D. monoufiensis n. sp. female and male passed through larva and two
nymphal stages before reaching adulthood.
4- Rearing of Dendrolaelaps n. sp. on different types of preys:
Larvae, nymphs and adults of the predatory mite Dendrolaelaps
monoufiensis n. sp. was reared on acarid mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Shrank)
, free Living nematode and mycelia of the three fungi species : Aspergillus niger,
Rhizopus sp. and Fusarium oxysporum
-Immatures stages:
Statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between
incubation period of the predatory mite male and female individuals when reared
on different preys. As the highest incubation period of males was continued when
predator individuals reared on the hyphal of fungi ( Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp.
, Rhizopus oxysporum) as (1.4 ± 0.16, 1.3 ± 0.16 and 1.3 ± 0.15 ) day, while the
lowest period was (0.50 ± 0.4) day when reared on free living nematode C. elegans,
and was continued (0.98 ± 0.10) when reared on T. putrescentiae . While the highest
incubation period for females was continued when individuals reared on the
hyphal of fungi ( Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp. and Rhizopus oxysporum) as (1.9
±0.26 , 1.7 ± 0.25 and 1.7 ± 0.45) day, while the lowest period was (0.70 ± 0.14)
day when reared on free living nematode C. elegans, and it was continued (1.18±
0.12) when rearing on T. putrescentiae .
Life cycle of D. menoufiensis n. sp male individuals were significantly
different according to the type of used prey . As the longest period (10.9 ± 2.34,
10.5 ± 0.56 and 10.0 ± 1.33 days) reared on the hyphal of fungi ( Aspergillus,
Rhizopus and Fusarium) respectively. But the lowest period was continued when
reared on the Free living nematodes C. elegans as (5.4 ± 6.5 days) , while it was
(7.68 ± 2.07 days) when reared on the acarid mite T. putrescentiae . On the other
hand the longest period of female individuals was (13.0 ± 2.15, 12.2 ± 2. 06 and
11.8 ± 2.63 days) when reared on the hyphal of fungi ( Aspergillus, Rhizopus and
Fusarium ) respectively. But the lowest period was continued when reared on the Free living nematodes C. elegans as (7.0 ± 2.37days) , while it was (9.38 ± 2.1± 2.1
days) when reared on the acarid mite T. putrescentiae
- Adult stages:
The females lived for longer time than males. Females began to deposit eggs
after (2.9 ± 0.34 , 2.3 ± 0.20 and 2.3 ± 0.17 days) when reared on the hyphal fungi
of ( Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus) respectively, and after (1.5 ± 0.25 and 2.2
±0.23 days) when reared on free living nematode C. elegans and the acarid mite T.
putrescentiae, respectively .
Statistical analysis indicated that there were slightly significant differences
among food types in the adult male and female longevity period. As longevity
period for male continued (10.5 ± 1.13, 10.2 ± 0.6 and 9.0 ± 0.8 days) when reared
on the three fungi (Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Fusarium) respectively, while it
continued (8.6 ± 0.45 and 8.0 ± 0.31) at the individuals reared on the acarid mite T.
putrescentiae, and free living nematode C. elegans. Respectively, where it was
decreased from (15.7 ± 0.96 to 13.7± 1.67) days when rearing on free living
nematode and Rhizopus , while female longevity period was continued (15.3± 1.18 ,
14.1±0.64 and 14.0± 0.77) when reared on (T. putrescenciae , Fusarium and
Aspergillus ) respectively.
Life span significantly differed according to the type of used prey. As it
occupied (22.7 ± 3.33 and 24.68 ± 3.28 days) when reared on ( free living nematode
and the acarid mite T. putrescenciae ) respectively, and it considered the lowest
period recorded while it occupied (27.0 ±2.92, 25.9 ± 3.27 and 28.2 ± 3.73 days),
when reared on (Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Rhizopus ) respectively, for male, while
female mite occupied (22.7 ± 3.33 and 24.68 ± 3.28 days) when reared on ( free
living nematode and the acarid mite T. putrescenciae ) respectively, and it
considered the lowest period recorded while it occupied (27.0 ±2.92, 25.9 ± 3.27
and 28.2 ± 3.73 days), when reared on (Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Rhizopus )
respectively