الفهرس 
Acknowledgment
Life cycleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence ofinfection with hydatid cysts in some ruminants (100 camels, 575 cattle and 700 goats) in relation to animal’s age, organs infected, cyst fertility, viability size and number of hydatid cysts in different areas in Assiut Governorate (Assiut, Bani-Adi and Diarout abattoirs) during the period from 2015 to 2017 in addition toultrastructure study of the protoscolices and hooks in the detected fertile cysts of different organs by SEMas well as PCR investigation for DNA of hydatid cysts in infected organs for detecting genotyping and its possible zoonotic importance for human infection.
-Prevalence of infection with hydatid cysts in some ruminants (camel, cattle and goats) in relation to animal’s age, organs affected, cyst fertility, viability and size in Assiut Governorate.
1. Prevalence of cystic hydatidosis in examined ruminants:The prevalence rate of infection was 6%, 0.87% and 0.0% in camels, cattle and goats respectively.
2.Prevalence of cystic hydatidosis in examined ruminants according to affected organs: In camel, this study showed that lung was the mostly affected with percentage (100% of positive sample) while in cattle, the lung was also the mostly affected with percentage (80% of positive sample) and liver (20%).
3.Prevalence of cystic hydatidosis in examined ruminants according to age: This study illustrated that the prevalence of hydatidosis infection in camel and cattle was closely related with age of camel as the incidence of this investigation of aged camel (more than 5 year) 10% (4 infected from 40 examined aged camel) while it was 3.33% (2 infected from examined 60 young ones less than 5 year). As well as aged cattle (more than 5 year) 2.86% (5 infected from 175 examined aged cattle) while no infection between examined young cattle (400).
4.Prevalence of cystic hydatidosis in examined ruminants according to sex:This study showed that male camels only were infected with rate 6.7% (6 infected from 90 examined male camels) while no infection was detected in examined she camel 10 in number). In contrast the study showed that female cattle only were infected with rate 2.86% (5 infected from 175 examined male cattle) while no infection was detected in examined male cattle (400).
5.Prevalence of cystic hydatidosis in examined ruminants according to number of the cysts:This study showed that equal percentage was detected in camel between cases which had a single or multiple cystswith prevalence rate 50% for eachwhile in cattle, single cysts were detected in 80% of positive sample and multiple cysts present in 20%.
6.Prevalence of cystic hydatidosis in examined ruminants according to contents of the cysts:In camel fertile hydatid cyst were detected in 66.7%, sterile in 16.65% and calcified in 16.65% of examined cyst (6 in number) while in cattle, fertile hydatid cysts were detected in 60%, sterile in 20% and calcified in 20% of examined cyst.
7.Prevalence of cystic hydatidosis in examined ruminants according to viability of fertile cyst:In camel,this investigation showed that the percentage of viability 75% and non-viable was 25% of examined fertile cysts (4 in number) while in cattle, the percentage of viability 33.3% of examined cysts while non viable was 66.7% of examined fertile cyst (3 in number).
8.Prevalence of cystic hydatidosis in examined ruminants according to size of the cysts: In camel,thehydatid cysts which were less than 5cm in diameter were detected in 33.3% whilethose more than 5cm were found in 66.6% of examined cyst while all hydatid cyst which detected in cattle
wereless than 5cm in diameter.
-Ultrastructure study of the protoscolices and hooks in the detected fertile cysts of different organs by SEM.
In the present study ultrastructure of hooks isolated from hydatid cysts of camel and cattle’s lungwas done for the first time in Assiut Governorate. The results showed thatthere were slight but clear differences in the morphology and morphometry of the small and large hooks of cysts obtained from lung of camel and cattle and future studies on SEM differences between larval rostellar hooks of hydatid cysts from different ruminant organs are recommended for more information of differentiation of intermediate hosts and even organ strains or genotypes of E. granuolosus particularly in developing countries where molecular studies could not be performed due to lack of infrastructure or financial constraints.
-PCR investigation for DNA of hydatid cysts in infected organs.
In the present study the PCR sequencing determination of obtained hydatid cysts from cattle and camel lungs was done.Results of the BLAST search of the obtained sequence revealed the presence of camel strain, E. canadensis genotype (6) in examined fertile cyst isolated from camel lung while in cattle sequence was not obtained from collected samples, so the genotype of cattle was not determined which may be due to defect in the used primers. It is worth mentioning that the present result was obtained for the first time in Assiut Governorate and Upper Egypt denoting the wide spread of this genotype all over Egypt. Moreover, the present camel genotype may be a microvariant from previously detected G6 camel strain of E. granulosus which is evidenced by GenBank with the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) system and the phylogenetic analysis with Gene Bankaccession number illustrating an (Unknown Query_182071) in examined sample.