الفهرس 
Introduction
Hepatocellular CarcinomaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common and aggressive tumors, as it is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death globally .The prevalence of HCC in Egypt is extensively increasing .This increased incidence may be explained by the increasing risk factors including the emergence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) over the equal time frame, the contribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as well as the improvement of the screening programs and diagnostic tools for liver cancer.
Treatment options for HCC are very limited, as it is often diagnosed at a late stage leaving this disease with unfavorable prognosis with five-year survival rate of 6.9%, if diagnosed late with unresectable disease. Therefore, it is highly recommended to find new diagnostic markers at early stage and markers for easy monitoring of the clinical progression of HCC.
So we planned a prospective study to investigate serum levels of HMGB1 and CLU in a cohort of Egyptian patients to assess their role in the pathogenesis of HCC and evaluate their possible application in serving as recent serum diagnostic and prognostic markers.
Participants of the current study were divided into four groups as following:
group 1(G1): 30 patients with chronic hepatitis-C virus infection
group 2(G2): 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection – related cirrhosis
group 3 (G3): 100 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on top of chronic HCV infection- related cirrhosis. The diagnosis of HCC based on the criteria of Egyptian Society of Liver Cancer (ESLC) 2011.
group 4 (G4): Healthy volunteers (control group).This group included 30 apparently healthy persons.
The current results clarified that:
Serum CLU (ng/ml) level showed a significant increase in the HCC group compared to the control group, the CHC group and LC group (p< 0.001), while a significant decrease in serum CLU level was found in the LC group compared to the control group (p< 0.001).
The mean value levels of serum HMGB1 in patients with HCC was 65.4±13.7 ng/ml and was significantly higher than those in CHC, LC group and healthy control (p < 0.001).