الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing worldwide. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) and kidney transplantation are increasing the burden on health systems. The key risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) are the increasing age of the population, diabetes mellitus and hypertension and medications, such as the use of analgesics regularly over long durations of time resulting in analgesic nephropathy and kidney damage. Polycystic kidney disease is an example of a hereditary cause of CKD. Diabetes is the largest single cause of ESRD in the United Kingdom, accounting for 30-40% of all cases.
Cardiovascular calcifications (CDC) have a high prevalence in patients with CKD and on chronic dialysis treatment. Our aim is to study the possible effect of diabetes on vascular calcification on haemodialysis patients and role of osteoprotegrin.
This study was conducted on three groups of subjects as follows:
group І: Included 40 patients on haemodialysis, were divided into group Іa 20 patients diabetic and Іb 20 patients not diabetic
group II: Included 40 patients pre dialysis Patients, were divided into group II a 20 patients diabetic and II b 20 patients not diabetic
group Ш: Included 10 normal subjects,age and sex matched taken as a control group.
All subjects in the study were subjected to the following:
(1) Detailed history taking.
(2) Physical examination.
(3) Laboratory Assessment.(included serum oestoprotegrin by ELISA)
(4) Doppler ultrasound on carotid artery
This study demonstrated that DM increase the risk of vascular calcification and athermatous plaque formation in CKD and haemodialysis patients and OPG increase in diabetic patients and more decline in renal function increase its level and it is possible marker of progression of vascular dysfunction in diabetes.