الفهرس 
Incidence of functional tricuspid regurgitationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and conclusion In the majority of patients (70–85%), tricuspid regurgitation is said to be ‘‘functional’’, in the remaining 15–30% of the cases it may be organic and related to direct involvement of the tricuspid valve by the rheumatic disease. Management of functional tricuspid regurgitation is becoming an increasingly difficult decision making problem. Functional TR occurs in 8–35% of patients, especially in association with acquired left heart valve disease of rheumatic origin and more frequently found in association with mitral rather than with aortic valve disease, and is much rarer in degenerative disease (Dreyfus et al., 2005). Whichever type, TR has a significant impact on the clinical condition and the short, medium and, long-term prognosis of the patients. Hence, it requires special consideration during mitral and/or aortic valve surgery (Colombo et al., 2001). An understanding of the pathological process of functional TR is necessary to determine the optimal management strategy for this condition. The pathogenesis of FTR in mitral valve disease is complex and multifactorial. FTR occur secondary to RV dilation, dysfunction and tricuspid annular dilation. Left sided valve disease leads to increased left atrial pressure and, secondary pulmonary hypertension. Long-standing pulmonary hypertension leads to RV dysfunction and remodeling, which leads to tricuspid annulus dilation, papillary muscle displacement, and tethering of the TV leaflets, leading to FTR (Shiran and Sagie, 2009).