الفهرس 
Anatomy of the kidneyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
This study was done on 40 adult patients (males and females) with renal stones to compare the efficacy and complications of PCNL in patients with or without history of previous open nephrolithotomy from the same side. The patients were divided into two equal groups (each containing 20 patients).
group I included patients who did not undergo any previous open surgery on the effected kidney (primary cases) while group II included patients who had undergone previous open surgery on the affected
kidney (recurrent cases).
Demographic data in the two groups were comparable in terms of patients age, sex, BMI, stone size, side, location and opacity with no significant difference.
The mean number of access attempts was 1.2+0.5 in group I (primary cases) and 2.7+0.9 in group II (recurrent cases) and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).
The mean fluoroscopy time in seconds was 191.37+66.41 in group I (primary cases) and 254.18+37.19 in group II (recurrent cases)and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).
The mean operative time in minutes was 85.24+17.47 in group I (primary cases) and 128.38+19.45 in group II (recurrent cases) and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Blood transfusion was required in 5% of group I (primary cases),
and in 10% of group II (recurrent cases) with no statistically significant difference.