الفهرس 
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Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the urban and suburban areas of Mansoura city, Dkahlia Governorate, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The study aimed to investigate the effects of different maintenance programs on the performance and quality of the turfgrass of five established football (soccer) green fields. Before the beginning of the study, a survey was carried out on eight green football fieldsexisted in Mansoura urban and suburban area based on field specifications. Five football fields were chosen based on similarity of basic specifications namely; a standard field size (65-70 m in width and 100-110 m in length), planted using sods of Paspalum vaginatum L lawn (turfgrass), sandy soil (sand thickness of 15-20 cm over 30 cm layer of pebble stones), all have existing drainage systems, and no soil aeration were carried out in any of the fields’ maintenance programs. The football yards (fields) were Mansoura Stadium, Mansoura University and El-Shaab stadiums (located in Mansoura city) in addition to Beny Ebeid and Secondary Beny Ebeid stadiums (located in Beny Ebeid town).Data of maintenance programs were collected from the maintenance managers of different stadiums. In addition, measurements for the visual color and quality in addition to chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll contents (mg/g fresh clipping sample), and N, P and K percentages in the clipping samples of the turfgrass (lawn) of the five fields were carried out during the two seasons. The obtained results could be summarized as follow: Irrigation programs: The highest number of irrigations was applied to El Shaab field in both seasons, while the lowest were applied to Beny Ebeid and Mansoura University fields in the first and second seasons respectively. The highest amount of water were applied to Mansoura Stadium and University of Mansoura, while the lowest were applied to El Shaab field in both seasons. Differences among irrigation programs in amount of water and number of irrigations had no effect on color, growth, coverage and quality of the fields. Fertilization Program: Nitrogen fertilizer: In the first season, all fields received five applications of nitrogen fertilizer except Mansoura Stadium which received three applications, while in the second season, Mansoura University and both Beny Ebeid fields receive 5 applications, but Mansoura Stadium and El Shaab fields received two and three applications respectively. The highest application dose was applied to both Beny Ebeid fields, while the lowest dose was applied to Mansoura Stadium in both seasons. The highest amount of nitrogen fertilizer was applied to both Beny Ebeid fields, while the lowest was applied to Mansoura Stadium in both seasons The lowest amount of nitrogen added to Mansoura Stadium field led to the lowest color and quality of the turf among all fields, and although the highest nitrogen amount added to both Beny Ebeid fields increased nitrogen content in the leaves, a lesser nitrogen amount added to Mansoura University led to a better color and quality of the field. Better quality and performance of grass were associated with more number of applications combined with reasonable (not high) dose of nitrogen fertilizer. Best nitrogen fertilization was that applied to Mansoura University field. Phosphorus fertilizer: In the first season, all fields received two applications of phosphorus fertilizer except Mansoura Stadium which received one application only, while in the second season, Mansoura Stadium and El Shaab fields did not receive any phosphorus application. The highest dose of phosphorus fertilizer was applied to both Beny Ebeid fields in both seasons. The highest total amount of phosphorus fertilizer was applied to both Beny Ebeid fields in both seasons Low phosphorus fertilization in the first season was enough for the turf needs, but the lack of adding phosphorus to El-Shaab and Mansoura Stadium fields in the second season reduced their quality in addition to reducing their phosphorus content of the leaves. Phosphorus fertilizer should be applied to the fields depending on soil testing. Best phosphorus fertilization was that applied to Mansoura University field. Mowing program: In both seasons, the highest average number of mowing was applied to Mansoura University field, while the lowest average number of mowing was applied to Mansoura Stadium Field Number of mowing is more important than either irrigation or fertilization program. Better quality and performance of grass were associated with more number of mowing. Best mowing program was that applied to Mansoura University field. Topdressing Sand was used for top dressing in both seasons. The largest amount of sand top dressing in the first season was applied to secondary Beny Ebeid field (2.5m^3), while in the second season, was that applied to El Shaab field (6m^3). Mansoura University did not carry out top dressing in both seasons Replanting: El Shaab field used largest amount of sods (4〖 m〗^2) in the first season and renewed the whole field in the second season. Mansoura Stadium did replanting using 3〖 m〗^2 in the first season only, while Mansoura University used 2 m2 in the second season only. Both Beny Ebeid did replanting using2- 3.5 m2 in each of the seasons. Plant protection (Pest control): Programs of all fields used pesticides successfully against Chafer grubs, leatherjackets, and mining bees during summer. Conclution: The results showed that neither irrigation number nor amount of water applied in different programs affected growth and quality of the fields under study. Thus, the lowest amount of water used among all fields (irrigation system of El Shaab field) was sufficient for growth of paspalum turfgrass and this regime would lead to saving irrigation water. Paspalum turfgrass used in all the five fields is characterized of being strong growth turfgrass, it need nitrogen fertilization as other turfgrasses, but its nitrogen requirements are not very high. They need to increase the number of applications with reasonable low doses (as those applied to Mansoura University field) in order to have better fields. Phosphorus fertilization is also needed during winter based on soil testing, since when phosphorus was not added to El-Shaab and Mansoura Stadium fields, their color and quality was greatly reduced. Better quality and performance of grass were associated with more number of mowing. Topdressing and replanting were done based on changes in quality of the fields and all fields used successful plant protection programs. Based on this analysis, Mansoura University maintenance programs was better than other programs and led to a better-quality playing field.