الفهرس 
Clinical manifestation of skin agingOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Skin aging may be divided into 2 processes: intrinsic and extrinsic aging or photoaging. The first is a natural, slow and gradual process. The second is exacerbated by environmental factors such as improper exposure to sunlight. Both are accompanied by changes in morphological and biomechanical properties of skin. There are a myriad of therapeutic modalities that can improve photoaging. These modalities may be divided into topical agents and procedural agents. Topical agents include retinoids, hydroquinones, and combination therapies. Procedural agents include chemical peeling, microdermabrasion, lasers, and intense pulse light and nonablative radiofrequency. Intense pulsed light systems are high-intensity light sources that emit non-coherent polychromatic light in a spectrum of 515 to 1200 nm. The main advantage of IPL is in its ability to target melanin, hemoglobin, or tissue water as primary chromophores. Consequently, the most common features of photoaging can be affected, including vascular changes, dyspigmentation, and fine wrinkles.