الفهرس 
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Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites that contain various amount of lepidium sativum extract ranging from 0 up to 20 ml/w were prepared. Structural modification was investigated through a combination of both Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Both techniques indicate interaction and complexation of the polymeric matrix through changes in vibrational bands at 1331 and 849 cm-1 owing to CH2 wagging vibration and carbon stretching vibrations respectively, also appears vibrational band at 1631 cm-1 increased by increasing amount of extract owing to Amide I in extract. XRD indicates increasing of crystallinity by increasing the amount of plant extract due to the presence of metallic compound including Fe+2 and the complextation between PVA and plant extract. EDX analysis supported with atomic absorption experimental data were used to investigate the type of elements present in the natural seeds. Obtained data explain the complexation process between the polymeric material and plant extract attributed to the presence of Fe+2 ions even in ppm level. UV-Vis analysis used to determine the optical properties and to calculate the variation of optical energy gap. Obtained data reveal that the transition in all samples follow indirect transition route with optical energy gap ranging between 4.16 and 3.81 eV. In addition to , the technique used to support the idea of complexation behavior between lepidium sativum plant seed extract and PVA. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) used to study the nature of samples surface and support the interaction between polymeric matrix (PVA) and lepidium sativum natural plant seeds extract to certain limit.Pristine PVA and PVA with various amount of lepidium sativum natural plant seeds extract are tested against two gram negative pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Escherichia coli), two gram positive pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and one fungi (Candida albicans) to detect the antimicrobial behavior. The prepared plant extract shows a good antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the activity of antibiotic Ampicillin and Colitrimazole. Synthesized samples containing plant extract reveal antibacterial and antifungal activity that increases with increasing plant extract content.