الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In the first part of this investigation, the frequency of occurrence of keratinophilic fungi were studied in 50 soil samples collected from different sites in Minia governorate and Also, 40 water samples moisten soil baited with sterile human hair and chicken feather as source of keratin collected from different water streams including Nile River ,irrigation canals and drainage canals these samples were studied by hair baiting technique using sterile human hair and chicken feather and incubated at 28ºC from.
5.1 Main results obtained in the first part as following:
1- In soil, Twenty four species which belong to seventeen genera were collected from 50 soil samples baited with human hair while twenty six species which belong to seventeen genera were yielded from 50 soil samples baited with sterile chicken feather.
2- Trichophyton mentagrophytes was regularly and the most frequent fungal species in two baits with percentage frequency ( 18% and20%) of samples from baiting of hair and human hair respectively, and not recovered from sheepfold.
3- Microsporum gypseum which is an incident of ringworm diseases was the second most frequent species in case of human hair with 16% whereas retreated in case of chicken feather to four place with percentage frequency 14%. It was recovered from one sample of sheep fold.
4- chrysosporium tropicum: Ranked the third level and was isolated with percentage frequency (16%) in case of chicken feather and showed the fifth level in case of human hair with percentage frequency (10%).
5- chrysosporium indicum was the runner-up of fungi and ranked third with 14% in case of human hair and equal M. gypseum in case of chicken feather and with 12% percentage frequency in case of chicken feather.
6- Forty water samples studied donated 37 species belong to 24 genera in water samples in case of human hair whereas the number of obtained species was retreated to 29 species and 21 genera in water samples in case of chicken feather.
7- chrysosporium indicum was the most frequent fungal species and with percentage frequency 15% and ranked first in case of human hair whereas with 17.5 % percentage frequency in case of chicken feather and ranked second place.
8- Trichophyton mentagrophytes came first with 20% percentage frequency in case of chicken feather and retreated with 7.5% in case of human hair.
9- chrysosporium tropicum, Microsporum gypseum and Aspergillus terreus occupied second level and were recovered from four samples for each in case of human hair.
10- chrysosporium tropicum and Microsporum gypseum disappeared from Nile River and baited with human hair whereas it was isolated from Bahr Elyosfi sample in case of chicken feathers
11- Water samples taken from drainage canals produced keratinophilic fungimore frequently than others.
5.2 In the second part of our work we studied the following:
• keratinolytic activity of six common and most frequent fungi
According to the results of this experiment the tested fungi could be classified into the following categories:
1- High activity: which induced more than 20% loss in the weight of human hair; and this was demonstrated by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (25.78%) loss in human hair.
2- Moderate activity: which induced 10-20% loss and this was achieved by chrysosporium indicum (19.8%), Microsporum gypseum (19.4%), chrysosporium merdarium (12.4%) and Fusarium oxysporum (14.28%) loss in human hair.
3- Low activity: which induced less than 10% loss and this achieved by Paecilomyces penicillatus (6.08) % loss in human hair.
• Assay Technique for Screening of L-Asparaginase Producing Fungal Strains
In this study, both of A. terreus, A. versicolor ,Fusarium oxysporum and Pencillium chrysogenum produced extracellular L-asparginase enzyme and gave pink color zone in media and change in media color from yellow color to pink color. While Fusarium solani and A. niger showed negative result with no change in media color.
5.3 The third part in this study concerned the molecular identification of some isolated fungi
Genomic DNA was extracted from 3 isolated fungi (Paecilomyces penicillatus, chrysosporium merdarium and Fusarium oxysporum) and the ITS region was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction using ITS4 and ITS5 universal primers.
The amplified products of PCR were detected on agarose gel. Each strain of the selected fungi yielded a unique PCR fragment with about 550 bp. The amplified fragments were subjected to DNA sequencing.
DNA sequence data showed that the length of ITS region in Paecilomyces penicillatus was 520 bp. chrysosporium merdarium has an amplified region of 522 bp while, the length of the ITS region in Fusarium oxysporum was detected as 540 bp. Accession numbers of nucleotide sequence were obtained from complete sequence data for the ITS rRNA genes that have been deposited in the EMBL/ Gen Bank/ DDBJ nucleotide sequence data libraries. The alignment data from Gen Bank showed the identity percentage of the isolates compared to complete sequence data for the ITS rRNA genes.