الفهرس 
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE KNEE JOINTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease and a major healthcare burden in today’s aging population, which is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, osteophyte formation, and subsequent joint space narrowing. All structures within the joint may be affected during progression of the disease, but the underlying causes are not well understood. Sclerostin, a protein product of the SOST gene, secreted mainly by osteocytes decreases bone formation by inhibiting the terminal differentiation of osteoblasts and blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via its interaction with the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Proteins-5/6 (LRP5/6) receptor. Interestingly, its antagonist role on BMP signaling is also linked with its interaction with the LRP5/6 receptor.
Objective: This study was a pilot exploratory study that was conducted on fifty patients with primary knee OA who satisfied the 2016 revised criteria of ACR (American College of Rheumatology) for diagnosis of knee OA. They were recruited from outpatients Rheumatology clinic and internal medicine department at Ain Shams University Hospitals.
Patients and Methods: Full medical history taking with special emphasis on symptoms of knee OA including; knee; knee pain, morning stiffness<30 min, and crepitus. Full clinical examination including musculoskeletal examination with special emphasis on knee examination (knee stiffness, locking, effusion and tenderness). Assessment of physical disability by: Health assessment questionnaire, Western Ontario and Mcmaster universities Arthritis index (WOMAC) index Questionnaire Laboratory investigations included: Complete blood picture (CBC, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ES, Quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) , Measurement of serum Sclerostin level: Radiological assessment of OA grade, Using Kellgren and Lawrence system
Results: Patients with joint space narrowing had highly significant (p>0.01) lower level of sclerostin than those who hadn’t the same findings, only significant difference as regards the presence of marginal osteophytes (p<0.05), and only significant difference as regards the presence of deformity (p<0.05). sclerostin level was significantly higher in patients who had grade 1 Kellgren & Lawrence Score than those with higher grades p<0.05.
Conclusion: There was a negative significant statistical correlation between serum sclerostin level and physical disability scores and sclerostin level was significantly higher in patients who had grade 1 Kellgren & Lawrence Score than those with higher grades p<0.05.