الفهرس 
Ionizing RadiationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Possible Protective Effects of Amla (Emblica Officinalis)
on Gamma-Irradiated Male Albino Rats.
Exposure to oxidative stresses, including different
environmental pollutants and ionizing radiation, is known to
exert deleterious effects on tissues, through the release of free
radicals. Hydroxyl radicals are considered the most damaging
free radicals generated in an organism. They are often
responsible for DNA and genetic damage, lipid peroxidation
(LPO), protein denaturation, impaired immune and endocrine
systems, as well as impaired enzyme activity.
Excessive production of free radicals and the dysfunction of
the antioxidant system within the organism, initiates and
propagates processes involved in the pathogenesis of many
diseases. Antioxidants are either exogenous, i.e. supplied by
dietary sources; or endogenous, such as the glutathione defense
system, enzymes (SOD, CAT) and hormones (e.g melatonin).
Studies describing the effects of oral administration of
Emblica officinalis (EO) have shown that it plays beneficial
roles in combating diseases/disorders such as diabetes,
atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and in the immune
function. The effects of EO on hormones, mitochondria and
stress are, however, scarce in the literature.
SUMMARY
232
The current study was carried out to evaluate the possible
radioprotective effects of oral administration of EO dried fruit
powder dissolved in distilled water, on some physiological
changes in male albino gamma-irradiated rats. Rats were
divided into four groups:
1- Control Group: non-treated rats.
2- Irradiated Group: exposed to a single dose (6Gy) of
whole body γ- irradiation.
3- EO Group: animals were administered EO (750 mg/kg
b.wt.), daily for 30 days, by gastric intubation.
4- EO + Irradiation Group: animals given EO orally (as in
group 3), the last dose being two hours before irradiation
exposure.
Animals were fasted overnight, blood samples, renal and
cardiac mitochondrial fractions were collected, 2 hours as
well as two weeks after exposure to gamma irradiation (group
two and four), or after oral administration of EO (group
three), compared to the respective control group.
This study evaluated the effects of gamma irradiation alone
or preceeded by EO administration, by examining the
following parameters in the plasma, cytosolic and
SUMMARY
233
mitochondrial fractions of the kidney and heart tissues of the
above 4 experimental animal groups:
Evaluation of the oxidant/antioxidant status, by the
determination of LPO, reflected by malondialdehyde (MDA)
levels; measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH) content in
blood and mitochondrial fractions of kidney and heart tissues.
Measurement of xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine
dehydrogenase (XDH) activities and determination of
advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) concentration in
the cytosolic fractions of kidney and heart tissues.
Examination of the lipid profile, by measuring the
concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCh),
high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Ch), and
calculation of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Ch)
and the atherogenic index (AI).
Kidney functions’ tests: estimation of plasma sodium (Na+) and
potassium (K+) ions, urea and creatinine concentrations.
Evaluation of renal and cardiac cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
activities, and mitochondrial calcium ions (Ca2+)
concentrations.
Evaluation of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity.
SUMMARY
234
Estimation of renin, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide
(ANP) and corticosterone concentrations.
Quantification of renal and cardiac mitochondrial ATP
synthase gene expression by real-time PCR test.
Effects of Exposure to Gamma Radiation:
The present results have shown that exposure to gamma
radiation has caused:
1- Significant increases in plasma and mitochondrial MDA
concentrations, XO activity and AOPP concentration,
accompanied by a deficiency in blood, renal and cardiac GSH
content and XDH activity, as compared to the control group.
2- Significant increases in plasma TG, TCh, and LDL-Ch and a
decrease in HDL-Ch concentration, with a significant
increase in the atherogenic index.
3- Significant increases in plasma Na+, urea and creatinine
concentrations, with a decrease in plasma K+ concentration.
4- Significant increases in renal and cardiac mitochondrial Ca2+
concentrations, cytosolic G6PDH and LDH activities and
plasma CPK activity, compared to the control group.
5- Significant increases in plasma renin, aldosterone, ANP and
corticosterone concentrations, accompanied with a reducti
235SUMMAon
in renal as well as cardiac mitochondrial ATP synthase gene
expression, compared to the control group.
SUMMARYRY
Possible Protective Effects of Amla (Emblica Officinalis)
on Gamma-Irradiated Male Albino Rats.
Exposure to oxidative stresses, including different
environmental pollutants and ionizing radiation, is known to
exert deleterious effects on tissues, through the release of free
radicals. Hydroxyl radicals are considered the most damaging
free radicals generated in an organism. They are often
responsible for DNA and genetic damage, lipid peroxidation
(LPO), protein denaturation, impaired immune and endocrine
systems, as well as impaired enzyme activity.
Excessive production of free radicals and the dysfunction of
the antioxidant system within the organism, initiates and
propagates processes involved in the pathogenesis of many
diseases. Antioxidants are either exogenous, i.e. supplied by
dietary sources; or endogenous, such as the glutathione defense
system, enzymes (SOD, CAT) and hormones (e.g melatonin).
Studies describing the effects of oral administration of
Emblica officinalis (EO) have shown that it plays beneficial
roles in combating diseases/disorders such as diabetes,
atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and in the immune
function. The effects of EO on hormones, mitochondria and
stress are, however, scarce in the literature.
SUMMARY
232
The current study was carried out to evaluate the possible
radioprotective effects of oral administration of EO dried fruit
powder dissolved in distilled water, on some physiological
changes in male albino gamma-irradiated rats. Rats were
divided into four groups:
1- Control Group: non-treated rats.
2- Irradiated Group: exposed to a single dose (6Gy) of
whole body γ- irradiation.
3- EO Group: animals were administered EO (750 mg/kg
b.wt.), daily for 30 days, by gastric intubation.
4- EO + Irradiation Group: animals given EO orally (as in
group 3), the last dose being two hours before irradiation
exposure.
Animals were fasted overnight, blood samples, renal and
cardiac mitochondrial fractions were collected, 2 hours as
well as two weeks after exposure to gamma irradiation (group
two and four), or after oral administration of EO (group
three), compared to the respective control group.
This study evaluated the effects of gamma irradiation alone
or preceeded by EO administration, by examining the
following parameters in the plasma, cytosolic and
SUMMARY
233
mitochondrial fractions of the kidney and heart tissues of the
above 4 experimental animal groups:
Evaluation of the oxidant/antioxidant status, by the
determination of LPO, reflected by malondialdehyde (MDA)
levels; measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH) content in
blood and mitochondrial fractions of kidney and heart tissues.
Measurement of xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine
dehydrogenase (XDH) activities and determination of
advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) concentration in
the cytosolic fractions of kidney and heart tissues.
Examination of the lipid profile, by measuring the
concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCh),
high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Ch), and
calculation of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Ch)
and the atherogenic index (AI).
Kidney functions’ tests: estimation of plasma sodium (Na+) and
potassium (K+) ions, urea and creatinine concentrations.
Evaluation of renal and cardiac cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
activities, and mitochondrial calcium ions (Ca2+)
concentrations.
Evaluation of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity.
SUMMARY
234
Estimation of renin, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide
(ANP) and corticosterone concentrations.
Quantification of renal and cardiac mitochondrial ATP
synthase gene expression by real-time PCR test.
Effects of Exposure to Gamma Radiation:
The present results have shown that exposure to gamma
radiation has caused:
1- Significant increases in plasma and mitochondrial MDA
concentrations, XO activity and AOPP concentration,
accompanied by a deficiency in blood, renal and cardiac GSH
content and XDH activity, as compared to the control group.
2- Significant increases in plasma TG, TCh, and LDL-Ch and a
decrease in HDL-Ch concentration, with a significant
increase in the atherogenic index.
3- Significant increases in plasma Na+, urea and creatinine
concentrations, with a decrease in plasma K+ concentration.
4- Significant increases in renal and cardiac mitochondrial Ca2+
concentrations, cytosolic G6PDH and LDH activities and
plasma CPK activity, compared to the control group.
5- Significant increases in plasma renin, aldosterone, ANP and
corticosterone concentrations, accompanied with a reduction
in renal as well as cardiac mitochondrial ATP synthase gene
expression, compared to the control group.
SUMMARY
235SUMMARY
Possible Protective Effects of Amla (Emblica Officinalis)
on Gamma-Irradiated Male Albino Rats.
Exposure to oxidative stresses, including different
environmental pollutants and ionizing radiation, is known to
exert deleterious effects on tissues, through the release of free
radicals. Hydroxyl radicals are considered the most damaging
free radicals generated in an organism. They are often
responsible for DNA and genetic damage, lipid peroxidation
(LPO), protein denaturation, impaired immune and endocrine
systems, as well as impaired enzyme activity.
Excessive production of free radicals and the dysfunction of
the antioxidant system within the organism, initiates and
propagates processes involved in the pathogenesis of many
diseases. Antioxidants are either exogenous, i.e. supplied by
dietary sources; or endogenous, such as the glutathione defense
system, enzymes (SOD, CAT) and hormones (e.g melatonin).
Studies describing the effects of oral administration of
Emblica officinalis (EO) have shown that it plays beneficial
roles in combating diseases/disorders such as diabetes,
atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and in the immune
function. The effects of EO on hormones, mitochondria and
stress are, however, scarce in the literature.
SUMMARY
232
The current study was carried out to evaluate the possible
radioprotective effects of oral administration of EO dried fruit
powder dissolved in distilled water, on some physiological
changes in male albino gamma-irradiated rats. Rats were
divided into four groups:
1- Control Group: non-treated rats.
2- Irradiated Group: exposed to a single dose (6Gy) of
whole body γ- irradiation.
3- EO Group: animals were administered EO (750 mg/kg
b.wt.), daily for 30 days, by gastric intubation.
4- EO + Irradiation Group: animals given EO orally (as in
group 3), the last dose being two hours before irradiation
exposure.
Animals were fasted overnight, blood samples, renal and
cardiac mitochondrial fractions were collected, 2 hours as
well as two weeks after exposure to gamma irradiation (group
two and four), or after oral administration of EO (group
three), compared to the respective control group.
This study evaluated the effects of gamma irradiation alone
or preceeded by EO administration, by examining the
following parameters in the plasma, cytosolic and
SUMMARY
233
mitochondrial fractions of the kidney and heart tissues of the
above 4 experimental animal groups:
Evaluation of the oxidant/antioxidant status, by the
determination of LPO, reflected by malondialdehyde (MDA)
levels; measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH) content in
blood and mitochondrial fractions of kidney and heart tissues.
Measurement of xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine
dehydrogenase (XDH) activities and determination of
advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) concentration in
the cytosolic fractions of kidney and heart tissues.
Examination of the lipid profile, by measuring the
concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCh),
high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Ch), and
calculation of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Ch)
and the atherogenic index (AI).
Kidney functions’ tests: estimation of plasma sodium (Na+) and
potassium (K+) ions, urea and creatinine concentrations.
Evaluation of renal and cardiac cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
activities, and mitochondrial calcium ions (Ca2+)
concentrations.
Evaluation of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity.
SUMMARY
234
Estimation of renin, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide
(ANP) and corticosterone concentrations.
Quantification of renal and cardiac mitochondrial ATP
synthase gene expression by real-time PCR test.
Effects of Exposure to Gamma Radiation:
The present results have shown that exposure to gamma
radiation has caused:
1- Significant increases in plasma and mitochondrial MDA
concentrations, XO activity and AOPP concentration,
accompanied by a deficiency in blood, renal and cardiac GSH
content and XDH activity, as compared to the control group.
2- Significant increases in plasma TG, TCh, and LDL-Ch and a
decrease in HDL-Ch concentration, with a significant
increase in the atherogenic index.
3- Significant increases in plasma Na+, urea and creatinine
concentrations, with a decrease in plasma K+ concentration.
4- Significant increases in renal and cardiac mitochondrial Ca2+
concentrations, cytosolic G6PDH and LDH activities and
plasma CPK activity, compared to the control group.
.