الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common renal pediatric disorders, and one of the commonest causes of secondary hyperlipidemia in children.
Adiponectin is a circulating cytokine exclusively expressed and secreted in adipocytes; it is a protein hormone with anti- inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties, in contrast to the other known adipocytokines.
55 children were included in this study (35 children with primary nephrotic syndrome and 20 healthy children as a control group), attended to pediatric nephrology unit of Menoufia University Hospital from August 2014 to August 2015.
The aim of this study was to assess the role of serum ADPN as a marker for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children.
Patients were subjected to:
1- History taking.
1- Clinical examination (general and local examinations).
2- Laboratory investigation. Complete urine analysis. Protein in 24hours collected urine. Creatinine in urine. Renal function tests (blood urea and serum creatinine) Serum level of total protein and albumin. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides.
Serum electrolytes. Serum adiponectin level.
In our study we found a highly significant decreasing differences in total serum protein in relapse, remission groups in comparing to the control group (P<0.001), with their mean values were (3.69 ±0.61, 6.20±0.98 and 7.07±0.63) respectively. And we found also significant decreasing difference regarding serum albumin level in relapse group in comparing to remission and control groups with their mean values were (1.64 ±0.31, 3.42 ±0.67, and 3.74 ±0.44) respectively. Regarding to total protein in urine/24h, there were highly significant increasing differences between all studied groups (P<0.001), with their mean values were (4.29±1.53, 0.24± 0.09 and 0.13 ±0.01), respectively. And also there was highly significant increasing difference in total cholesterol levels, between relapse compared to remission and control groups (P<0.001), and there was significant difference between remission compared to control group (P<0.004), with their mean values were (202.20±48.25, 163.35±26.81), respectively.
In this study there were highly significant increasing differences in adiponectin level in children with nephrotic syndrome, in comparing to control group, and its level was higher than its level in remission group and the difference was highly significant (P<0.001), with their mean values were (4.29±1.53, 0.24± 0.09 and 0.13 ±0.01), respectively. In our study there was positive correlation between ADPN level and urine protein/24h, and total serum cholesterol level, between relapse and remission groups, in comparing to control group, (P <0.001).
Whereas there was inversely significant correlation between adiponectin level and serum albumin level, (P=0.018).