الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted at the Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition Department. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University to investigate the impact of water acidifier and magnetic treatment without or with Salmonella enteritidis infection on growth performance, some blood parameters, immune response, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology and microbiology of broiler chickens.
Two hundred and eighty, one-day old of Cobb 500 broiler chicks were used in this experiment. The broiler chicks were randomly allotted into 8 equal groups (35 chicks/group) and fed on commercial diets for five weeks experimental period. First group was fed on the basal diet and drank tap water without any supplementation and considered as control, while groups 2 – 4 were fed on the same basal diet with magnetic treatment, water acidifier (4 ml M-Cure/Liter), or magnetic treatment plus acidifier supplementation respectively. Group’s 5-8 drank water following the same design as described for groups 1 – 4 but with Salmonella infection at 14th days of chicks age.
The obtained results are summarized in the following:
• Magnetic water treatment (MWT), water acidification by organic acids blend or combination of both treatments non-significantly (P≥0.05) increased final body weight and total body weight gain. Meanwhile, Salmonella enteritidis infection with group which drank tap water non-significantly decreased the final BW and total BWG. On the other hand, the broiler chicks group that drank MWT, acidified water or combination of both treatments with infection overcame the salmonella hazards.
• MWT, water acidification by organic acids blend or combination of both treatments increased the total feed intake by about 2.9%, 2.81% or 2.85% respectively compared with broiler chicks group that drank tap water without treatment.
• Salmonella enteritidis infection with tap water increased total feed intake throughout the whole experimental period. While MWT, acidified water or combination of both with infection numerically decreased the total feed intake throughout the experiment compared with broiler chicks group drank the same water without infection.
• MWT and/or water acidification non-significantly (P≥0.05) improved average feed conversion ratio, water feed ratio, protein efficiency ratio, efficiency of energy utilization and performance index (PI) compared with broiler chicks group drank tap water without treatment. However, broiler chicks group drank tap water with infection non-significantly (P≥0.05) deteriorated the feed efficiency parameters and PI.
• Water acidification or acidifier plus magnetic water treatment non-significantly improved Hb%, RBCs and WBCs counts of broiler chicks when compared with chicks group which drank tap water without treatment. Moreover, it was observed that Salmonella enteritidis infection had no significant effect on the blood picture of broiler chicks compared with un-infected group.
• MWT and/or water acidification had no significant effect on blood serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations when compared with broiler chicks group drank tap water without treatment.
• Water acidification or acidification plus magnetization non-significantly (P≥0.05) increased blood serum glucose concentration compared with broiler chicks group that drank tap water without treatment.
• The MWT, water acidification or combination of both significantly (P<0.05) increased blood serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) activity, improved SOD while significantly (P<0.05) reduced blood serum H2O2 concentration compared with broiler chicks group drank tap water without treatment.
• Salmonella enteritidis infection with different water treatment reduced blood serum TAC and SOD activities, while increased blood serum H2O2 concentration compared with broiler chicks group drank the same water without infection. However, water treatment improved the antioxidant capacity compared with infected group drank tap water.
• MWT, water acidification by organic acid blend or combination of both had no significant (P≥0.05) effect on the blood serum kidney or liver related enzymes levels (uric acid, creatinine, urea, GOT or GPT) compared with broiler chicks group drank tap water without treatment.
• It was observed that tap water or water treatment by magnetization or acidification with Salmonella infection had no significant effect on blood serum kidney or liver function related enzymes level compared with broiler chicks group drank the same water without infection. Meanwhile the combination of water acidification and magnetization with infection revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the serum creatinine and GPT levels.
• MWT, water acidification or combination of both non-significantly increased the blood serum lipid profile. However, the MWT or water acidification showed a non-significantly reduction in the blood serum LDL.
• The MWT significantly (P<0.05) improved phagocytic activity and index by about 14.0% and 31.02% respectively compared with broiler chicks group which drank tap water. The water acidification or acidification with magnetization non-significantly improved phagocytic activity% and phagocytic index.
• Salmonella infection with different water treatments non-significantly reduced phagocytic activity and index compared with broiler chicks group that drank the same water without infection.
• It was observed that MWT, acidifier or both acidifier with magnetization with or without infection non-significantly (P≥0.05) elevated the heterophil% compared with group that drank tap water.
• However, broiler chicks group drank tap water with salmonella infection non-significantly reduced heterophil% and monocytes% but increased (P≥0.05) the others leukocytic% (lymphocytes, basophiles and easinophil%) compared with broiler chicks group which drank the same water without infection,
• Water treatment through magnetization, acidification or both combination had no effect on antibody production titer against New castle disease vaccine at first and second weeks post Salmonella infection (21 and 28 days of broiler chicks age), while improved titer at 3rd week post-infection compared with infected broiler chicks group which drank tap water without treatment.
• The relative weight of immune organs (spleen, bursa of Fabricius) and carcass traits were not significantly affected in our experiment.
• Regarding Salmonella entritidis infection, it was observed that broiler chicks group drank tap water without treatment non-significantly reduced the dressing% and gizzard%. However MWT, water acidification or combination of acidifiers with magnetization of the water non-significantly (P≥0.05) eliminated the bad effect of the salmonella infection on the dressing % compared with infected group drank tap water.
• The present data indicated that MWT, water acidification or both treatments non-significantly (P≥0.05) reduced total bacterial count in jejenum and colon of broiler chicken. Magnetization or/ and acidification of water numerically increased coliform count in the jejenum, while non-significantly reduced colon coliform count compared with broiler chicks group drank tap water without treatment.
• It was found that water treatments (Magnetization or/ and acidification) with salmonella infection reduced total bacterial and coliform counts in both jejunum and colon compared with infected broiler chicks which group drank tap water without treatment.
• Magnetization or/ and acidification of water non-significantly (P≥0.05) increased ileum villi length and width compared with broiler chicks group that drank tap water without treatment.
• Ileum villi length, width or crypt depth were significantly reduced in birds received different water treatments and challenged with Salmonella enteritids infection compared with broiler chicks group drank the same water treatment without infection. On the other hand, MWT, organic acids acidification or both of them with Salmonella entritidis infection improved villi length, width and crypt depth compared with infected broiler chicks group which drank tap water.