الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
This study aimed to assess seminal Beclin-1 in infertile men with varicocele.Eighty nine men were included after institutional approval and informed consent.
They were divided into;
Fertile normozoospermic men (n=16)
Infertile OAT men without varicocele (n=23)
Infertile OAT men with varicocele(n=50).
Inclusion criteria: Normal female factor and OAT.
Exclusion criteria: Azoospermia, subclinical Vx, smoking, leukocytospermia and congenital anomalies.
They were subjected to:
History taking.
Clinical examination.
Semen analysis(WHO, 2010).
Varicocele cases underwent varicocelectomy and were followed up for 3 months post-operatively.
Seminalplasma Beclin-1was estimated by Western blot method.
The results demonstrated the following:
Seminal Beclin-1 expression demonstrated significant decreases in infertile OAT with/without varicocele compared with fertile men.
Seminal Beclin-1 expression demonstrated significant decreases in infertile OAT with varicocele compared with infertile OAT men without varicocele.
Seminal Beclin-1 expression demonstrated significant increases in infertile OAT with varicocele after varicocele repair compared with their pre-operative data.
Seminal Beclin-1 expression demonstrated significant decreases in infertile OAT men with grade III varicocele compared with infertile OAT men with varicocele grades I and II.
Seminal Beclin-1 expression showed significant positive correlation with sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm normal forms percentages and nonsignificant correlation with the age.
Conclusions
Seminal Beclin-1 expression has a role of male infertility being significantly decreased in infertile men in general and in infertile men associated with varicocele in specific.
Seminal Beclin-1 expression is increased after surgical repair of varicocele associated with improved sperm concentration, sperm motility as well as sperm normal forms.