الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was designed to elucidate whether Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract (MOE) could acts as a protective or therapeutic rationale against melamine (MEL) induced hemato-imnuotoxic impacts.
The following results were obtained:
1. GC-MS profile of MOE
2. Effect on hematological parameters
3. Effects on serum IgG and IgM
4. Effect on bactericidal and lysozyme activity
5. Effect on nitric oxide level
6. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings
The spleen of control rats showed a normal histomorphologic architecture represented by fibrous connective tissue capsule, trabeculae, white pulp and red pulp. The red pulp showed sinusoidal spaces lined by activated endothelial cells and surrounded by a moderate number of lymphocyte and histocytes. Some of the lymphocytes of the white pulp (1-2%) showed apoptotic changes. The white pulp showed moderately reactive lymphoid follicle germinal centers.
The splenic tissue of MOE treated group showed the red pulp with dilated sinusoids and infiltration of the interstitial tissue by a large number of small and large lymphocytes and activated macrophages. The endothelial cells were hypertrophied. The Megakaryocyte were markedly increased. Also, increased reactivity of the white pulp was noted as activated germinal centers, such germinal centers showed increased mitotic activities.
In spleen of MEL treated group, the red pulp showed mild congestion, hemosiderosis and apoptosis in some of the lymphocytes. Most of the histocytes were hypertrophied. About 60 % of the white pulp showed decreased number of lymphoid element which were replaced by a hallow or empty tissue spaces.
* Sahar Khalifa Hassan Salem, B.V.Sc., Caro University (1996).