الفهرس 
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Abstract
Management of the grossly carious primary molar is a common but sometimes challenging aspect of dental care for young children. Pulpotomy is a standard procedure to amputate the inflamed and infected dental coronal pulp tissue and is usually undertaken when coronal pulp tissues are exposed by caries, during caries removal or trauma. The objective of this treatment is to remove coronal inflammatory tissues, which usually contain microorganisms; therefore, healing is allowed to take place at the entrance of the root canal with essentially healthy pulp tissue. After a coronal pulp is amputated, the pulp stump could be treated with several agents, leaving vital and uninfected radicular pulp tissue intact.
To date, a range of pulpotomy medicaments have been used. Among them, formocresol (FC), a devitalizing agent with excellent bactericidal and fixative properties, has been the gold standard in pulpotomy for many years. However, despite its high success rate and popularity, its cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity have raised concerns in the medical community, especially after the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified formaldehyde as carcinogenic for humans in June 2004.
The present study compared two different types of LASERs ( diode LASER and Er: Cr, YSGG LASER) to the conventional formocresol pulpotomy in primary molars both clinically and radiographically, as well as evaluation of patient acceptance of different techniques.
A total number of 42 primary molars were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and allocated in the three groups. In all groups, local anaesthesia was administered and access cavity preparation was performed using a high-speed contra-angle hand-piece. Coronal pulp tissue was amputated using sharp excavator and bleeding was controlled using sterile, saline- wetted cotton pellets on the radicular pulp stumps under slight pressure. After achieving complete haemostasis pulp stumps were treated according to each group:
Group1: (control group)
A cotton pellet that was moistened with 1:5 diluted formocresol was placed over the pulp stumps for 5 minutes.
Group2: (Diode LASER group)
Pulp stumps was treated with Diode LASER (980 nm).
Group3: (Erbium:Chromium,YSGG LASER group)
Pulp tissues in this group were treated with Erbium:Chromium,YSGG LASER (2780 nm).
In all groups, reinforced zinc oxide eugenol cement was placed over the pulp stumps, and the tooth was restored with glass ionomer and stainless steel crown.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed before tretment, immediately after the pulpotomy procedure, at 6 and 12months.
Patient acceptance of different techniques was measured using Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale and by directly asking the patients about the main discomforts and stress-triggers if present.
Results showed no statistically significant difference between the three groups both clinically and radiographically as well as in patient acceptance of different techniques.
from the results of our study it was concluded that the diode and Er, Cr: YSGG LASERs can both be used as successful alternatives to formocresol with comparable success rates. The two types of LASERs are well accepted by the child dental patients as a pulpotomy technique.