الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are extremely rare. They can lead to instability, pain, diminished function, and eventual arthrosis (1). This injury has received little attention in the past, compared with the Anterior cruciate ligament ACL; however, the emphasis on the ACL has stimulated increased interest in the treatment of PCL injuries(2).
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the main posterior stabilizer of the knee. It provides 95% of total restraining force to straight posterior translation of the tibia relative to femur, Secondary action includes resistance to varus, valgus, and external rotation. It is approximately twice as strong and twice as thick as the normal ACL. PCL originates from the antero-lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle in the area of intercondylar notch. Insersion is not intra articular, but over back of tibial plateau approximately 1 cm distal to the joint line.(2). The antero-lateral bundle is tight in flexion, while the postero-medial bundle is tight in extension. (3)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries account for 3% to 23% of knee injuries. In a trauma setting, they are responsible for up to 40% of all knee ligamentous injures.(4) Symptoms usually are vague and minimal; The following physical examination findings are: Minimal to no pain, Minimal hemarthrosis, Usually full or functional range of motion (ROM), Contusion over the anterior tibia, posterior tibial sag, Positive quadriceps active test, positive posterior drawer test (5) The optimal treatment remains unclear. The need for surgical repair of bony PCL avulsions is less controversial and several open