الفهرس 
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Abstract
Postpartum period is a very stressful time in mothers’ life. It is linked with profound changes that may cause some health problems that are given a name ”postpartum discomfort”. This reflects the necessity for providing health information for mothers during this period to overcome such problems. The most common tools used for mothers’ health teaching are printed health media that are pioneered after face-to-face education, but novelties in educational technologies put demand to use advanced health media as PowerPoint presentation.
PowerPoint has become a powerful tool in education. It conveys textbook concepts in a more visually pleasing way by using various forms of media such as pictures, animations, sounds, videos and graphics. This helps learners to be more interested and easily remember the content. Learners become more knowledgeable, interacted and satisfied with health teaching using power point.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of digital versus printed health media on mothers’ knowledge regarding postpartum discomfort.
Research hypothesis:
Mothers who receive health education using digital health media exhibit more knowledge than those receive health education using printed health media.
Research design: A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study
Setting: The study was conducted at the outpatient antenatal clinic in El- Shatby Maternity University Hospital in Alexandria.
Subjects:
The subjects of this study comprised of a purposive sample of 60 pregnant mothers at the previously mentioned setting selected based on the G power program using alpha error = 0.05; precision of 5% and dropout rate = 10% will provide a study power of 80 %.The selected subject was randomly assigned to two groups allocated using simple random sample technique; 30 per each group which were as follows:-.
group A (digital media group): mothers who received health education program using digital health media.
group B (printed media group): mothers who received health education program using printed health media.
Inclusion criteria:
- Mothers in the third trimester who can read and write and can deal with computer.
- Mothers who are free from chronic illness and previous obstetrical complication.
- Mothers with normal course of current pregnancy.
- Mothers who are expected to deliver normal vaginal delivery.
- They are willing to participate in the study.
To accomplish the aim of the current study; two tools were used for data collection.
Tool one: Mothers’ Knowledge Regarding Postpartum Discomfort interview: this tool was developed by the researcher after a thorough review of related literature to investigate mothers’ knowledge regarding postpartum discomfort.
Tool two: Mothers’ Opinions about Health Media used for the Postpartum Discomfort Questionnaire: It was developed by the researcher after a thorough review of related literature to assess mothers’ opinions regarding the used health media. It has two formats; the first format was used to investigate opinions of digital media group regarding digital media while other was used to investigate opinions of printed media group regarding printed media.
Method:
1- An official permission to conduct the study was obtained from the manager of El- Shatby Maternity University Hospital in Alexandria and then from manager of outpatient antenatal clinics.
2- Content validity of the tools and both health media was tested by seven experts in the related fields and the necessary modifications were done.
3- Reliability of tools was done using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient statistical test, which revealed the reliability of tools was 0.763 for tool I, (0.937 &0.953 respectively) for tool II which indicate high reliability.
4- A pilot study was carried out on six mothers to ensure the clarity and feasibility of the tools, assess setting and time needed to complete health teaching and then the necessary modifications were done accordingly. The subjects were excluded from the study sample.
5- ADDIE model (Analysis, Designing, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) was used as a conceptual framework for designing and using health media. It included 5 phases
Phase Ι: analysis
• Analysis of subject matter by thorough review of literature was done by the researcher to determine subject outline and content.
• Pretest was done using tool one to assess their knowledge level regarding postpartum discomfort as a baseline.
Phase ΙΙ: designing
• According to the results of phase I, task analysis was done. Learning needs discovered were focused around after-pains:(definition, Causes, Site of pain, characteristics of pain, Predisposing factors, Aggravating factors and Medical management and nursing intervention and perineal discomfort (Definition, Causes, predisposing factors and Medical management and nursing intervention).
• A storyboard for both medium was developed including text, images, narration, layout and animation for digital health media and text, images and layout for printed health media.
Phase ΙΙΙ: development
• Digital health media were developed by the researcher based on the predetermined storyboard using Microsoft office power point presentation 2010 and Microsoft office publisher 2010 to develop printed health media using catalog as a template then printed it.
Phase IV: implementation
• Mothers were given power point presentation projected on a laptop on individual basis under guidance of the researcher.
• Mothers were given individual printed catalog to read it.
Phase V: evaluation
• Post-test was done immediately after implementation of health education using tool I (posttest).
• Mothers’ opinions regarding digital and printed health media using tool II.
Main results of the current study:
Digital media group showed a statistical significant difference in acquisition of knowledge as compared to printed media group.
All subjects in both groups showed a high level of satisfaction with both types of media.
It can be concluded from the present study that:
It can be concluded from the current study that both health media change mothers’ knowledge but power point presentation are more effective than printed health media for patient teaching. Both medium (digital & printed) yielded a high level of satisfaction for mothers.
Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that:
Recommendations related to hospital and other health care setting
• Embedding the use of PowerPoint presentation in all health sectors as a teaching tool for patient and inducting of interactive elements to increase its credibility.
• Conducting a series of workshops about the using of Microsoft office publisher to design printed health media as posters, catalogs, brochures, flyers and web pages.
• Ensuring provision of policies, equipment, resources, time, proper setting and environment in every hospital to integrate advanced methods of patient teaching.
Recommendation for nursing education
• Assign additional credit hours for health education course to teach nursing students the use of Microsoft office programs to design health media and to use them as a community service that faculty of nursing introduced.
• Faculty members at obstetrics and gynecologic nursing department in conjunction with faculty members in nursing education department design interactive PowerPoint concerning other health problems and marketing them in a form of C.D with affordable price.
Recommendation for further studies
• A study to determine the effect of interactive power point presentation versus video on mothers’ knowledge regarding postpartum discomfort.
• A longitudinal study to investigate the effect of power point on long-term retention of knowledge of patient and health practices.
• A study to investigate factors that affect use of electronic health media in health care setting in Egypt.
• A study to determine the effect of power point on patients’ beliefs and attitudes as compared to traditional health teaching.