الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
River Nile is the longest river in the world, located in the north-east of the continent of Africa, and stems specifically from Lake Victoria and ends in the Mediterranean Sea, a length of 6695 kilometers, and covers the Nile basin more than three million kilometers, it passes through 11 countries: the upstream States, Uganda, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Congo, Burundi, Tanzania, Rwanda, Kenya and the down-stream states, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2017).
Rivers are the most important fresh water resources, moreover, the River Nile has played an extremely important role in the civilization, life and history of the Egyptian Nation (Dimian et al., 2014).
In Egypt, River Nile splits into two branches, the first is Rosetta Branch located in Lower Egypt, the western limit of the Delta before the river pours into the Mediterranean Sea. Whereas, the second is the Damietta branch to the east (Salvini et al., 2015).
Rosetta Branch extends about 240 km long the Delta Barrage; the average width is about 200 m. The Rosetta Branch flows downstream Delta Barrage to the north-west where it ends with Edfina Barrage which releases excess water to the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile receives agricultural, industrial and domestic wastes, whilst water is used for drinking, irrigation and industry (Fishar et al., 2006). Although, River Nile is the artery of life in Egypt, but unfortunately it is exposed to many kinds of chemical and biological pollutants in addition to the remains of agricultural wastes and dead animals that are thrown in it (El Bouraie et al., 2011e).