الفهرس 
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Abstract
N-containing heterocycles are still an important resource for the
discovery of new drugs. The acridine ring system occurs in various natural
products, especially in alkaloids. The acridine core is often used for the design
of many synthetic compounds with diverse pharmacological properties.
This thesis deals with the synthesis and biological evaluation of
some new acridine derivatives as anticancer agents and includes three
chapters. The first chapter is the introduction which comprises an updated
literature survey on the chemistry and biological application of acridine and its
derivatives. This review included the design and synthetic strategies used to
obtain the acridine derivatives, as well as, their reactions and biological
applications are reviewed and discussed. The second chapter is devoted to
results and discussion which includes the design, and synthetic
methodologies of the 9-substituted acridine derivatives. In addition,
compounds characterization and plausible mechanism which led to the
formation of the key products are discussed. Moreover, in vitro anticancer
activity was described. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological
evaluation of new acridine derivatives with substitution pattern at 9th position.
The route of preparation of N-phenylanthranilic acid, the starting intermediate
for the synthesis of 9-chloroacridine, was based on modified Ullmann-
Goldberg reaction which involves reaction of o-chlorobenzoic acid dissolved in
DMF with aniline in presence of sodium acetate as base and copper as cocatalyst
for 6-8 h. 9-chloroacridine, was obtained in good yield through
cyclization and dehydroxy chlorination reaction of N-phenylanthranilic acid
with freshly distilled phosphorous oxychloride under reflux for 8-12 h as
depicted in Scheme 1.