الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried at Kafr El-Sheikh province in three districts represented at Kafr El-Sheikh, Sidi Salem and Bialla for one year from March 2014 until end of February 2015 to determine the types and quantities of pollen collected by honey bee (Carniolan hybrid) by putting pollen traps on five hives in each region. Determine the sources of plant for pollen found in each region, then put five hives in each region without traps to study the relationship between the activity of pollen collection and some activities of honeybee colonies (brood rearing activity, stored pollen and honey production). Obtained results could be summarized as follows:1)Estimation of sealed worker brood:The obtained results showed that the largest monthly average of the worker brood at the Sidi Salem district in May (1220 in2/col in without traps, 980 in2/col with traps) due to Trifolium alexandrinum flowering, the lowest monthly average induced in November (50 in2/col in without traps, 205 in2/col in with traps), for Kafr El-Sheikh. The largest monthly average was obtained in May (1100 in2 /col without traps 615 in2/col with traps), the lowest average in November (40 in2/col without traps, 16 in2 /col with traps) and Biala district, the highest average was obtained in May (1190 in2 /col without traps, 770 in2 /colwith traps). The lowest average in November (55 in2 /col without traps, 43 in2/col with traps).2)Pollen gathering activity:This study showed that the highest amount of pollen was collected in Biala from 8 a.m to 10 a.m was 786 g/colony (24.4%) and from 10 a.m to 12 p.m was 854 g/colony (23.53%) while the lowest amount was obtained from 4 p.m to 6.m was 257 g/colony (7.51%), Sidi Salem, the highest amount of pollen was obtained from 8 a.m to 10 a.m and 12 pm to 2 pm [686.9 g/colony (22.98%), 641 g/colony (21.38)], respectively. The lowest amount was obtained from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m was 236.1 g/colony (7.87%) and Kafr El-Sheikh, the highest amount of pollen was obtained from 2 p.m to 4 p.m (690.5 g/colony (26.66%), 10 a.m to 12 p.m and 8 a.m to 10 a.m [648 g/colony (25.10%), 575 g/colony (22.02%), respectively and the lowest obtained from 4 pm to 6 pm 138.70 g/colony (5.36%).3)Stored pollen activity:The obtained results showed that the highest monthly average of stored pollen at Sidi Salem was induced in May (450 in2/col without traps, 230 in2/col with traps), the lowest monthly average was in November (50 in2 /colwithout traps, 23 in2/col with traps), in Kafr El-Sheikh was the highest monthly average of stored pollen in May (350 in2/col without traps, 185 in2/col with traps), the lowest monthly average was in November (36 in2/col without traps, 11 in2/col with traps) and Biala district, the highest monthly average of stored pollen was obtained in May (475 in2/col without traps, 270 in2/col with traps) and the lowest monthly average was in November (52 in2/col without traps, 20 in2/col with traps).The results showed that Biala district revealed the highest position followed by Sidi Salem and Kafr El-Sheikh.4)Inventory of sources of pollen plants and different periods of flowering:This study showed that there are seven major sources of pollen (Zea mays, Vicia faba, Eucalyptus spp., Melilotus siculus, Salix safsaf, Trifolium alexandrinum and Brassica kabar) which Trifolium blooms from 25 April to 5 June, Vicia faba bloom from 13 December to 5 April, Zea mays from 15 June to 26 November, Salix safsaf from 20 October to 27 March, Eucalyptus spp. from 12 December to 6 February, Brassica kabar from 15 February to 15 June and Melilotus siculus from 5 February to 5 April. In addition to many of secondary soures of pollen such as Helianthus annuus, Brassica oleracea, Casuarina spp., belonging to many different plant families such as Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Rotaceae and Crucifera and sunflower.5)Honey production (daily fluctuation throughout the year): The obtained results showed that the weight of hive indicates to the quantity of stored pollen, honey and brood rearing during different seasons throughout the year. As the weight of hive indicates to the activity of bees and it is affected by many different environmental factors (temperature, wind, moisture, solar radiation) and through the study in Sidi Salem district showed the highest activity of honey bee to collect amounts of pollen and nectar during May 24.88 kg/colony. This is due to clover bloom and collection of nectar and pollen. Then the weight of colony begins to decrease in June (16.50 kg/colony). This is due to the harvest of clover honey on 5 Juen of each year. We notice that the weight of colony began to increase during July and August to 19 kg/colony, 22.75 kg/colony. This increase is due to cotton bloom and nectar collection and also pollen collected from Zea mays and Eucalyptus spp. The lowest average of honey bee weight was induced in November (13.50 kg/colony).6)Chemical analysis of pollen:Chemical analysis was carried out from the major pollen found in three district areas (Zea mays, Vicia faba, Trifolium alexandrinum, Eucalyptus spp, Melilotus siculus, Brassica kabar and Salix safsaf). Six contents were obtained:1)Moisture content:The highest moisture content was found in pollen obtained from Vicia faba flowers (28.93%), followed by Zea mays and Brassica kabar (28.30%). On the other hand, the least values of moisture was in pollen of Eucalyptus spp. (27.70%) and Salix safsaf (27.77%), the results showed that Biala was the highest district in moisture content in plant sources (28.43%) followed by Sidi Salem and Kafr El-Sheikh (28.27% - 27.97%, respectively).2)Ash content:Over the locations, the highest ash content (4.44%) was recorded in Melilotus siculus, followed by that in pollen of Vicia faba (44.15%), Trifolium alexandrinum (3.97%) and Salix safsaf (3.80%). Concerning the locations, Biala came first (4.31) followed by Kafr El-Sheikh 3.68% and Sidi Salem (3.51).3)Fiber content:Over the locations, pollen of Salix safsaf had the highest value (2.31%) followed by Eucalyptus spp. (2.20%), the least fiber value was recorded in Trifolium alexandrinum (1.27%). These results showed that pollen of Sidi Salem contained the highest fiber (1.86%) followed by Kafr El-Sheikh (1.84%) and Biala (1.58%).4)Lipid content:The highest lipid content (21.80%) was found in pollen of Salix safsaf followed by Eucalyptus (21.78%), while the least values was recorded in pollen of Brassica kabar (20.73%), and Zea mays (20.87%). Kafr El-Sheikh was the highest (21.49%) followed by Sidi Salem (21.45%) and Biala came least (21.11%).5)Protein content: The obtained results showed that Trifolium alexandrinum was the highest in protein content (32.17%) followed by Brassica kabar (31.78%) and the least value in Salix safsaf (30.78%). The results showed that the highest district was Kafr El-Sheikh, Biala (31.45%) and the least district was Sidi Salem (31.29%).6) Carbohydrate content:The obtained results showed that pollen of Brassica kabar contained the highest carbohydrate content (14.22%) followed by Eucalyptus (13.99%). The least carbohydrate content was assessed in Trifolium alexandrinum (12.67%), the results showed that the highest district of carbohydrate was Kafr El-Sheikh (13.72%), Sidi Salem (13.42%) and the least Biala (13.34%).6-CONCLUSION There are seven major sources for pollen collection by honey bee (Apis mellifera L.), Vicia fabae, Melilotus siculus, Salix safsaf, Eucalyptus spp, Trifolium alexandrinum, Zea mays and Brassica nigra. Among them, the most important was Trifolium alexandrinum in the three districts.The highest amount of pollen grains were observed during May, while the lowest amount was found in November.The highest average for sealed worker brood areas was observed during May, while the lowest one was found in November and October.The colonies without pollen traps yielded more honey than those provided with pollen traps, at the three locations.Fitting pollen traps on the entrance of hives had a negative effect on brood rearing areas and other activities of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.).Chemical analysis was carried out for the major pollen found in three districts. Moisture content, ash content, fiber content, lipid content, protein content and carbohydrate content were observed.