الفهرس 
Introduction
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus around the worldOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The current work was a prospective interventional study which aimed to evaluate effect of Ramadan fasting on diabetic patients and to evaluate impact of pre-Ramadan education program on hypoglycemic risk and its importance for safe fasting. Also, the study aimed to evaluate impact of christian fasting during the Lent period on fasting diabetic patients. It was done in outpatient clinics of internal medicine department in Assiut University hospital in period between May 2015 to July 2017. It included 2 groups: the first one was Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes who fasted Ramadan. They divided into 2 subgroups (patients who received regular diabetes care and patients who received the focused pre-Ramadan educational program). The second group were christian patients with type 2 diabetes who fasted the Lent. The study was done in 3 phases; the first phase (2–3 weeks before fasting), second phase (the third week during fasting), and third phase (4 weeks after end offasting). In Muslim diabetic patients, Pre-fasting educational program that focused on nutrition, drug adjustment and frequent blood glucose monitoring had a great impact on the glycemic control and reducing risk of hypoglycemia in fasting patients. The fasting blood glucose reduced significantly during fasting and HbA1c reduced after Ramadan. In focused pre-Ramadan education group, the frequency of hypoglycemia as a cause of breaking fast was less in comparison with the previous Ramadan and less than the frequency of hypoglycemia in control group. There were no significant changes of body weight of patients in the study during and after Ramadan. The current study showed decrease in cholesterol and low density lipoproteins. Also, there was decrease in triglycerides which was lost rapidly after Ramadan. High density lipoproteins increased mildly duringRamadan. In christian diabetic patients, blood glucose level decreased during fasting. The risk of hyperglycemia was higher than hypoglycemia as patients ate high caloric foods rich in carbohydrate and fat. Total cholesterol and LDL-C increased significantly between before and after the end of fast. Also triglycerides increased during fasting and decreased again after the end of fasting. The HDL cholesterol did not significantly change during Lent. Body weight of patients showed no change during fasting.