الفهرس 
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Abstract
Rapid development along El-Arish city has required new extensive coastal infrastructures such as El-Arish harbor, El-Arish power plant and recreational resorts. These infrastructures indeed are one of the main source of changing the shoreline behavior. In addition, nowadays the National project of “Suez Canal regional development” planned to increase the size of El-Arish Harbor through two phases (ended by 2030) which may affect coastal processes and shoreline behavior. This thesis studied long-term shoreline changes during the period from 1972 to 2016 to appreciate the impact of the coastal structures (El-Arish Harbor-Power Plant- eastern 13 Groins-western 23 groins). Furthermore, an assessment of the future impacts of El-Arish harbor new development on shoreline and coastal process was carried out. The historical shoreline changes during forty-five years (from ten satellite images) were extracted using three different modules (Shortwave infrared (SWIR)-Band Ratio (BR) - Normalized different water index (NDWI)). NDWI was found the best accurate extracted shoreline, it was also founded that, the western jetty of El-Arish harbor and power plant interrupts the eastern sediment transport at the up drift with maximum shoreline advance 9.8 and 2.13 m/yr., respectively. In contrast erosion problem occurs at down drift which motivated authorities to construct protection works consist of (series of short groins13) to solve erosion problems. Unfortunately, the groins implemented east of El-Arish harbor helps in shoreline fixation partially and erosion problems was transported east of the implemented groins. The study revealed that long western Jetty of the harbor with the executed 23 groins west of the harbor works together as a group in a semi-closed system and improving the shoreline behavior. Also, it helps gain sediment in front of El-Arish city where the average shoreline advance rate 2.88 m/yr.To assess the impact of El-Arish harbor development on shoreline behavior a calibrated LITLINE module was applied to detect the shoreline after one and ten years. After 10 years from 2012, the effect of the harbor development extends about 1330 m and 1490 m for phase 1 and phase 2, respectively. The average shoreline change in the affected zone reduced from -2.26 m to -1.12 m and from -3.05 m to -1.68 m for the present situation and the two phases of the development, respectively. This might be due to the length of the harbor jetties have been reached to the closure depth where there is no effect for the wave and current on sediment transport. It was observed that the predominant wave directions at 12.0 m depth infront of El-Arish are NNW, NW and WNW, totaling 73.4 % are responsible for the generation eastern longshore currents. This is in addition to small percentages of waves coming from the N, NNE NE direction, totaling 25.34 % generate a reverse longshore current towards the west. Calibrated Delft-3D Morphological model was used to study impacts of Harbor development and protection works in wave distribution, current pattern and sediment transport along the study area. The module results revealed that the wave height reduced from offshore approach to near shore zone and the N wave height approach inside the harbor are higher than that of NW and NE waves. The sediment movement pattern indicates that most of the sediments eroded from the nearshore zone moved to offshore direction. Hence an elongated accretion zone follows the erosion area formed along the coastal zone of the study area (0.4 to 0.6 m vertical shift). The first phase of harbor development will not be suitable to reduce the wave height, the current and even erosion/accretion process at the whole new harbor. In contrast, the second phase will be viable for berth and navigation without any hazard inside the whole harbor.