الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 127 |  |  |
| | | from | 127 | | |
Abstract
This study was carried out in some provinces in both Egypt and Libya throughout period from January and October 2014. These areas were Beni-Suef, Ismailia and Matrouh in Egypt and Tripoli, Zoltn and Zawia in Libya. To assess the hygienic quality of underground water sources intended for animal and human drinking and detect any source of pollution. The physico-chemical parameters as PH, Alkalinity (mg/l), Electrical conductivity (μS/cm), Total hardness (mg/l), Hardness Ca+2 (mg/l), Hardness Mg+2 (mg/l), Ammonia (mg/l), Nitrite (NO2) (mg/l) and Nitrate (NO3) (mg/l) , some heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn) in underground water were determined and gives the Comments on the suitability for human and livestock animals consumption and using in different veterinary practices . A total of (n= 60) water samples of underground water were collected from (dug wells). All samples were investigated for assessment the physico- chemical quality of water destined for human and/or livestock consumption (pH, Alkalinity (mg/l), Electrical conductivity (μS/cm), Total hardness (mg/l), Hardness “Ca+2” (mg/l), Hardness “Mg+2”(mg/l), Ammonia (NH3-N) (mg/l), Nitrite (NO2-N) (mg/l) and Nitrate (NO3-N) (mg/l) using appropriate instruments and estimation of metals (Pb, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn) in underground water using Solar atomic absorption spectrometer M6 in forensic medicine and Toxicology department Lab., Faculty of veterinary medicine, Beni-Suef University.
I-Results of Physico-chemical parameters in underground water samples
I.1. pH
The mean values of pH (mean±SE) in water samples were (7.86 ±0.25), (7.60±.10), (7.48±0.08), (7.96±.27), (7.71±0.25) and (8.1±.31) in Matrouh,
Summary
72
Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) districts in Libya respectively.
I.2. Alkalinity (mg/l)
The mean values of Alkalinity (mean±SE) in water samples were (223.4±24.5), (263.0±20.89), (212.8±19.24), (197.8±28.63), (230.0±33.29) and (176.0±24.6) (mg/l) in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
I.3. Electrical conductivity (μS/cm)
The mean values of electrical conductivity (μS/cm) (mean±SE) in water samples were (975.76±44.59), (792.76±17.42), (671.12±21.64), (1002.28±13.93), (1056.60±11.77) and (997.02±10.51) in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
I.4. Total hardness (mg/l)
The mean values of Total hardness (mg/l) (mean±SE) in water samples were (270.2±29.95), (195.8±17.66), (205.2±11.18), (367.8±23.73), (330±20.19) and (345±17.20) in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
I.5. Hardness “Ca+2” (mg/l)
Water samples: Hardness “Ca+2” (mg/l) (mean±SE) in water samples were (128.26±6.13), (96.22±4.09), (98.72±3.98), (175.18±9.39), (198.40±7.60) and (235.6±8.0) in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
I.6. Hardness “Mg+2” (mg/l)
Summary
73
Water samples: Hardness “Mg+2”(mg/l) (mean±SE) in water samples were (141.94±13.89), (99.58±4.49), (106.48±8.17), (192.62±32.71), (141.0±23.41) and (109.4±9.5) in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
I.7. Ammonia (mg/l)
The mean values of ammonia (mg/l) (mean±SE) in water samples were (0.12±.01), (0.13±.01), (0.31±.04), (0.36±.06), (0.61±0.08) and (0.04±0.03) in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
I.8. Nitrite (NO2) (mg/l)
The mean values of nitrite (NO2) (mg/l) (mean±SE) in water samples were (0.014± 0.01), (0.012±0.01), (0.16 ± 0.01), (0.013±0.01), (0.32±0.0) and (0.01±0.0) in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
I.9. Nitrate (NO3) (mg/l)
The mean values of nitrate (NO3) (mg/l) (mean±SE) in water samples were (0.0-0.0), (0.0-0.0), (0.0-0.0), (0.0±0.0), (0.0±0.0) and (0.0-0.0) in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
II- Results of estimated heavy metals in underground water samples
II.1. Lead concentrations (ppm)
The mean values of lead levels (mean±SE) in water samples were (0.02±0.07), (0.02±0.04), (0.01±0.02), (0.03±0.1), (0.01±0.06) and (0.02±0.3) ppm in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni -Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
Summary
74
II.2. Iron concentrations (ppm)
The mean values of iron levels (mean±SE) in water samples were (0.22±0.38), (0.19±0.27), (0.37±0.08), (0.55±0.24), (0.91±0.370) and (0.26±0.37) ppm in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
II.3. Copper concentrations (ppm)
The mean values of copper levels (mean±SE) in water samples were (0.03±0.003), (0.01±.005), (0.02±0.011), (0.013±0.005), (0.015±.034) and (0.05±0.012) ppm in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
II.4. Cadmium concentrations (ppm)
The mean values of Cadmium levels (mean±SE) in water samples were (0.032±0.018), (0.01±0.005), (0.011±0.006), (0.22±0.007), (0.012±0.006) and (0.024±0.003) ppm in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
II.5. chromuium concentrations (ppm)
The mean values of chromuium levels (mean±SE) in water samples were (1.4±2.1), (0.4±5.5), (0.0±0.0), (1.2±3.5), (1.6±3.1) and (1.3±4.4) ppm in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
II.6. Zinc concentrations (ppm)
The mean values of zinc levels (mean±SE) in water samples were (0.54±0.19), (0.51±0.21), (0.12±0.12), (0.480.22±0.22±), (0.33±0.15) and (0.60±0.13) ppm in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zoltn) in Libya respectively.
Summary
75
II.7. Manganese concentrations (ppm)
The mean values of manganese levels (mean±SE) in water samples were (0.08±0.037), (0.86±0.031), (0.002±0.002), (0.056±0.023), (0.08±0.039) and (0.072±0.041) ppm in Matrouh, Ismailia, Beni-Suef provinces in Egypt and 3 districts (Tripoli, Zawia and Zolton) in Libya respectively.
- In conclusion, The present study was revealed that it should be presence of standardized system to monitor physico- chemical parameters in ground water sources in any studied area which represented an important point in evaluation of these sources to protect animal and human health and improving the disinfectants efficacy and vaccination which used in veterinary practices at both level in livestock production farms and poultry farms. Assessment of underground water sources and detection its suitability for animal drinking and veterinary practices needs innovation methods for treatment these water sources and discovering the possible sources.