الفهرس 
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Abstract
on 70 patients with stable COPD who were presented as out- patients to chest clinic at Minia University hospital in the period from October 2015 to October 2016.
The study also included 20 apperantly healthy controls matched in sex and age with COPD patients.
All the patients and healthy controls had been subjected to the following:
1) Full detailed history taking included (age, sex, smoking status, duration of illness and symptoms).
2) General examination: included body weight and height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight by height squared (kg/m2), Blood ressure and waist circumference were also measured.
3) Local chest examination.
4) Investigation included:
• Plain chest x –ray (PA view).
• Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile in the form of plasma triglycerides (TG),high density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-c) after 12 h. fasting.
• Pulmonary function tests (PFT).
• Blood samples were collected for measurement of high sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP).
According to the ATP III report, the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome requires three or more of the 5 following criteria:
waist circumference ≥102 cm and ≥ 88 cm for men and women, respectively, fasting triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL , HDL-C < 40 mg/dL for men and < 50 mg/dL for women, blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg, and fasting plasma glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL .
According to this ATP III defination, 31 patients had metabolic syndrome so the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study was 44.3%.
According to severity of COPD (GOLD stages) we found that 9 patients (12.9%) of grade 1, 25 patients grade 2 (35.7%), 24 patients grade 3 (34.3%) and 12 patients (17.1%) grade 4.
It was found that most of the patients with metabolic syndrome were in 51-60 years.
It was found that BMI in COPD patients with metabolic syndrome was significantly higher than in COPD patients without metabolic syndrome with no significant difference in other parameters.
It was found that there is a higher significant value of DBP in COPD patients with metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome. Besides TG and FBG are significantly higher in COPD patients with metabolic syndrome versus those without metabolic syndrome, on the other hand HDL-c is significantly higher in COPD patients without metabolic syndrome than those with metabolic syndrome.
It was found that serum levels of hs-CRP were significantly higher in COPD patients than controls and also hs-CRP was also significantly higher in COPD patients with metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome.
It was found that there was a significant negative correlation between both of FVC% and TG and FEV1 and TG among COPD patients with metabolic syndrome.
It was found that there was no significant correlation between hs-CRP levels and pulmonary function test in patients with COPD.