الفهرس 
Literature Review
Historical backgroundOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction
Interosseous (IO) access is an effective route for fluid resuscitation, drug delivery and laboratory evaluation that may be attained in all age groups and has an acceptable safety profile. As advances in resuscitation have been made, the need for rapid vascular access for victim who has collapsed has been highlighted. The intraosseous route has become the route of choice when the victim has no other central access already in a clinical emergency situation.
The Intraosseous route (IO) can be used for both child and adult patients and is indicated any time vascular access is difficult to obtain in emergency, urgent or other medically necessary cases as cardiopulmonary arrest, peripheral vascular collapse, Shock, major trauma, burns and impaired vascular access by obesity, edema, status asthmatics.
Significant of the study
Intraosseous access can be achieved quickly and effectively in a variety of clinical settings. Found that a 5-min success rate of 100% for intraosseous insertion versus just 67% success for peripheral intravenous catheter placement. Intraosseous access was achieved on the first attempt 90% of the time versus just a 60% first-attempt success rate for central line placement. In addition, intraosseous cannulation took significantly less time than central line placement. Intraosseous insertion in the prehospital setting, found that access could be established in less than 1 min 84.8% of the time, even in an ambulance traveling.
The evaluation of the efficacy of the intraosseous (IO) route compared to Intra Venous (IV) access routes, researchers demonstrated that fluid infused into the IO space gains access to the central circulation within several seconds even during Cardio pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).
Aim of the study
This study was aimed to:
Assess nursing care regarding post intraosseous (IO) access insertion in critical care units. Research question:
What is nursing care regarding intraosseous (IO) access insertion in critical care units?
Subjects and Methodology
Design:
Descriptive exploratory design was used in this study.
Settings:
This study was conducted in ICU, blood laboratory and ER unit at Tanta University Emergency Hospital and also in Tanta Oncology Center.
Subjects:
A purposive sample of (40) nurses working in ICU & ER departments at the above mentioned study settings.
Tools for data collection
Two tools were used in the study:
1. Self- interview structured questionnaire:
Part I: Demographic characteristics of nurses. It comprised of questions about: age, level of qualification, years of experiences and training courses. Part II: Nurses’ Self-reported knowledge related to intraosseous access (IO).
2. Nurses’ Observational Checklist Sheet:
It was modified by National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians and Vidcare Corporation. It was adopted by the researcher to assess nurses’ performance related to intraosseous procedure (IO).