الفهرس 
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Abstract
Physiological Response for Growth and Yield of Some Faba
Bean Varieties under Different Plant Densities
Two field experiments were conducted at Mallawi Agricultural
Research Station,El- Minia Governorate during 2013/2014 and
2014/2015 seasons to study the effect of some faba bean cultivars under
different plant densities and plant distribution on growth, yield and yield
components of faba bean in addition to seed chemical composition. The
experiment was laid out in a split split plot design with four
replications. Cultivars were randomly assigned to the main plots, while
plant densities were allocated in sub plots. Plant distribution in the subsub
plots. Seeds were sown on 15th November in the first and second
seasons.
Studied factors: -
A- Faba bean cultivars:
A1) Giza 843 A2) Giza 3 A3) Giza 716
A4) Nubaria 1 A5) Sakha 3
B- plant population densities:
B1- 50 cm between ridges were obtained 84.000 plant /fed.
B2- 60 cm between ridges were obtained 70.000 plant /fed.
B3- 70 cm between ridges were obtained 60.000 plant /fed.
C- Plant distribution:
C1- Planting on one side of the ridge with two plants / hill and 20
cm between hills.
C2- Planting on both sides of the ridge with one plant / hill and 20
cm between hills.
SUMMARY 101
The results can be summarized as follows:
A- Growth characters
1- Plant height (cm)
Plant height was significantly affected by cultivars and plant densities
and distribution at all the tested samples. Concerning the effect of
interactions among the three studied factors, it was concluded that plant
height was significantly affected by the first and second order interactions at
all ages in both seasons.
2-Number of branches / plant
Cultivars, plant densities and plant distribution revealed significant
effect on number of branches per plant at different sampling ages in both
seasons except cultivars at ages of 70 and 85 days in the first season was not
significant. Cultivars × plant density interaction exhibited significant
effect on this trait at all ages in both seasons except at age of 40 day in the
second season. Cultivars × plant distribution interaction had insignificant
effect on this trait in both seasons except at ages of 70 and 85 days in
the first and second season, respectively. Plant density × plant
distribution interaction at 70 days age in the first season as well as at ages
55, 70 and 85 days in the second season had significant effect on this trait.
The data indicated that the response of the second order interaction
varied according to sampling ages in both seasons.
3- Number of leaves/plant
Number of leaves per plant was significantly affected by cultivars,
plant densities and plant distribution in both seasons. Concerning the
cultivars × plant density interaction exhibited significant effect on this
trait at all ages in both seasons except at age of 40 days in the second
SUMMARY 102
season. The interactions between cultivars × plant distribution had
significant effect on number of leaves / plant at the two growing seasons.
While, the interaction between plant distribution × plant density at all the
tested samples showed significant effect on number of leaves / plant except
at age 40 day in 2013-2014 and at ages 70 and 85 days in 2014-2015
season. On the other hand, the interactions among the three studied
factors, cultivars × plant density × plant distribution had significant effect
on number of leaves / plant at all ages in both seasons except at age of
40 days in 2013-2014 and at age of 85 days in 2014-2015 seasons.
4- Fresh weigh of leaves / plant (g)
Cultivars, plant densities and plant distribution had significant effect
on fresh weigh of leaves / plant at all ages in both seasons. The first and
second order interactions effect on leaves fresh weight varied according to
age and season.
5- Dry weight of Plant:
Results show that plant dry weight of four growth ages in both
seasons exhibited significant differences among the studied cultivars. While
plant densities and plant distribution had significant effect on this trait only
at the 3rd sample of the first season. Significant differences in dry weight of
plant due to different first order interactions, between cultivars and plant
densities were found at ages of 55 and 85 days in the first season and at
age of 70 days in the second season. This trait was significantly affected by
the interaction of cultivars × plant distribution at age of 55 days in the first
season only. On the other hand, the first order interaction, between plant
SUMMARY 103
distribution and plant density had significant effect on dry weight of plant
at 40 days in the first season only. The second order interaction possessed
significant effect on dry weight of plant at age of 40 days in the second
season.
6- Leaf area/plant
The results showed that cultivars had significant effect on leaf
area/plant at 40 days age in the first season and at 70 days in both seasons.
While, plant density had significant effect at 55 and 70 days in the first
season and at 40, 70 and 85 days in the second season. Leaf area /plant
was significantly affected by plant distribution at ages of 55 days in the first
season and at 85 days in both seasons. The first order interactions between
plant density and plant distributions exerted a significant effect for the 3rd
sample in the second season only. Concerning the second order interaction
between cultivars, plant density and plant distribution, leaf area/plant was
significantly affected at 1st sample in the first season only.
7- Leaf area index (LAI)
The results indicated that cultivars had significant effect on leaf area
index at different sampling ages except at ages of 55 and 85 days in both
seasons. Leaf area index /plant was significantly and progressively
increased with increasing plant density from 60.000 to 84.000 plants/fed. at
the four sampling ages except at age 70 days in the second season. plant
distribution had significant effect on leaf area index at all ages in both
seasons. The first order interaction between cultivars and plant density
had significant effect on leaf area index at age of 40 days in the second
season. Interactions between cultivars and plant distribution (A×C), had
significant effect on this trait at ages 40 and 70 days in the first season.
SUMMARY 104
Regarding the effect of plant density × plant distribution interaction leaf
area index was significantly affected at different ages except at 70 days
age in both seasons. Cultivars × plant density × plant distribution
interaction had significant effect on leaf area index at age of 40 days in the
second season only.
8- Relative Growth Rate (RGR) (g/day)
Relative growth rate was significantly affected by cultivars at two the
periods of growth only in the second season. While it was significantly
affected by plant density at 1st period of growth only in the first season.
Plant distribution exhibited significant effect on this trait at period 1st and
2nd in the first and second seasons, respectively. The first order interactions
had significant effect on RGR at 1st period only in the first season.
9-Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) (mg/ cm2/day)
Net assimilation rate was significantly affected by cultivars at 1st
and 2nd periods in the first season. While was significantly affected by plant
density at 3rd period of growth only in the first season. Plant distribution
exhibited significant effect on this trait at period 1st in the second season.
Interaction between cultivars and plant distribution (A×C) only had
significant effect on NAR at 1st period in the in the first season.
10- Number of days to 50% flowering
Number of days to 50% flowering was significantly affected by
cultivars in both seasons. The differences in number of days to 50%
flowering due to plant density, plant distribution, the first order
interaction were insignificant in both seasons. The second order
interaction had a significant effect on number of days to 50% flowering in
the first season only.
SUMMARY 105
B- Light interception:
Cultivars and plant density had significantly effect on light
interception at soil surface at all periods in the two growing season’s except
at 2nd age in the first season. Also, plant distributions were a significant
effect at all periods except at 4th period in the first season. Cultivars × plant
density interaction had significant effect on light interception at soil surface
at 4th age in the first season and at 1st age and 4th age in the second season.
Cultivars × plant distribution interaction had significant effect at all ages in
both seasons except at ages of 45, 60 and 90 days in the first season. Plant
density × plant distribution at all periods had significant effect on light
interception at soil surface in second season only. Cultivars × plant density×
plant distribution had significant effect at ages of 45 and 90 days in the first
season and at age of 90 day in the second season.
C- Plant characteristics, yield and yield components: I- Plant
characteristics:
1- Plant height (cm)
The results showed that the plant height was significantly affected by
cultivars and plant densities only in both seasons.
2- Number of branches
The obtained results found that faba bean cultivars exhibited
significant differences in number of branches in both seasons.
3- Plant weight (g)
The obtained results indicated that faba bean cultivars exhibited
significant differences in plant weight in both seasons. Plant distribution
SUMMARY 106
exerted a significant influence on plant weight in the first season only and
interaction between cultivars and plant distribution.
II- yield and yield components:
1- Height of the first pod (cm)
The differences in first pod height due to cultivars were significant
in both seasons. Giza 3cultivars gave the maximum value for height of
first pod while, the minimum mean height of first pod recorded by sakha
3 and Giza 716 cultivars in the first and second seasons, respectively.
2- Number of pods/plant:
Number of pods per plant was significantly affected by cultivars in
both seasons. Giza 843 cultivar produced the highest number of pods per
plant in both seasons while the lowest number of pods per plant resulted
from Giza 3 cultivar. Number of pods per plant was not significantly
affected by plant densities, plant distribution, the first and second order
interactions during the two growing seasons.
3- 100-seed weight (g)
The differences in 100-seed weight due to cultivars were significant in
both seasons. Nubaria 1 recorded the heaviest 100-seed weight while, Giza
3 cultivar gave the lightest 100-seed weight. 100-seed weight was
significantly affected by plant densities in the second season only. Plant
distribution, had significant influence on the100- seeds weight (g) in the
first season only. The first and second order interactions had no
significantly influence on 100-seeds weight in both seasons.
SUMMARY 107
4- Seed yield/plant (g)
Cultivars and plant distribution showed significant effect on seed
yield per plant in both seasons and in the first season only, respectively.
5- Biological yield (ton/fed.)
Cultivars had significant effect on biological yield of faba bean in
both seasons. Giza 843 cultivar surpassed the others cultivars in this trait,
while the lowest biological yield was recorded for Giza 3 cultivar in both
seasons. Plant densities showed significant effect on biological yield in
the first season only. Biological yield/fed. was increased with increasing
plant density from 60.000 to 84.000 plants/fed. plant distribution and all
types of interactions did not show significant effect on this trait.
6- Seed yield (ardab /fed.)
Cultivars and plant distribution had significant effect on seeds yield
per feddan of faba bean in both seasons. Giza 843 cultivar surpassed the
others cultivars in this trait, while the lowest seeds yield per feddan was
recorded for Giza 3 cultivar in both seasons. Planting on both sides of the
ridge grave the highest values of seeds yield per feddan compared with
planting on one side of the ridge. Plant density in the second season showed
significant response for seeds yield per feddan. Plant density of
70.000 plants/fed. produced the highest seeds yield per feddan, while the
differences in seeds yield per feddan in the first and second order
interactions were not significant in both seasons.
SUMMARY 108
7- Harvest index
The differences in values of harvest index due to cultivars and plant
distribution were significant in the first season only. The differences in
this trait due to plant density and all types of interaction among the three
factors under study were not significant.
III- Protein percentage seeds
The presented results revealed that seed protein % was significantly
affected by cultivars only in both seasons. Giza 843cultivar gave the highest
seed protein percentage while, Nubaria 1 and Giza 3cultivars gave the lowest
seed protein percentage in the first and second seasons, respectively. Plant
density and distribution and all types of the interactions did not reveal
significant effect on this trait.
SUMMARY 109
V. Conclusion
This study recommended the cultivation of Giza 843 with plant
population densities 70,000 plants/fed. and the distance between the
Furrows 60 cm and plant distribution on both sides of the ridge order to
achieve a higher production of faba bean crop.
REFERENCES