الفهرس 
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Abstract
Malnutrition is common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) with prevalence in predialysis ranging from 20% to 80%.
Malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Despite this, the nutritional status of dialysis patients is frequently ignored.
Malnutrition increases morbidity and mortality and significantly affects quality of life. In recent years, much progress has been made in identifying the causes and the pathogenesis of malnutrition in patients on HD as well as in recognizing the link among malnutrition, inflammation, and mortality.
The pathogenesis of malnutrition in patients on HD is multifactorial and secondary essentially to predialysis restrictive diets, inadequate nutritional intake due to anorexia, gastropathy and enteropathy, inflammation and/or infection, medications, psychosocial factors, dialysis-related factors (inadequate Kt/V, postdialysis fatigue, cardiovascular instability), dialysis-related nutrient losses, alterations in protein metabolism, metabolic acidosis, and inflammation.
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD stages 4 and 5) and is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
Hemodialysis (HD) patients frequently develop gastrointestinal complaints. H.Pylori is considered one of the causal factors for these dyspeptic symptoms. The presence of H.Pylori infection should be considered and its eradication is mandatory for this patient population.