الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There has been considerable interest in developing low cost methods for removal and precise determination of trace concentrations of heavy metal ions in aqueous media. Hence, the present thesis discusses:
1. Chapter one is an introduction, in which the recent literature survey on water pollution by inorganic species are presented. Thus, great attention has been oriented towards occurrence, toxicity, and preconcentration, determination of bismuth ions in water
2. Developing a simple, sensitive, selective, and eco-friendly spectrofluorimetric method for bismuth determination in wastewaters and dyed scalp hair. The spectrofluorimetric method developed and discussed in chapter two of this thesis is based upon fluorescence enhancement accompanying a direct reaction between rhodamine B (RB) and bismuth(III) ions, and the formed complex was then extracted from aqueous medium into a chloroform phase using a recent microextraction technique called dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME).
3. Chapter three included the coupling of DLLME with β-correction spectrophotometry to develop a novel microvolume β-correction spectrophotometric method for the sensitive and selective determination of bismuth. The basis of the method is a quantitative colorimetric reaction between Bi3+ ions and dithizone, and the orange–brown colored complex of Bi(HDz)3was then extracted into CCl4 phase by DLLME.
4. In Chapter four, a detailed study involving the retention profile, kinetics and thermodynamic characteristics of bismuth(III) ions removal from aqueous media by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a low cost and effective solid sorbent. The efficiency of MWCNTs was tested by removal of Bi(III) ions from three real samples, and the results were analytically acceptable.
5. Chapter five included the development a new cloud point extraction (CPE) method for preconcentration and determination of extremely low quantities of bismuth in water and soil samples by spectrophotometry. The method is based on the formation of an ionic pair between [BiI4]− and trioctylamine [TOA]+ and its extraction by CPE technique using nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100).