الفهرس 
Chapter 1: IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pathological optic disc cupping (ODC) is predominantly referred to as glaucoma; however, it is not only glaucoma that leads to pathological optic disc excavation. A number of other non glaucomatous diseases also result in optic atrophy and excavation of the optic disc such as congenital anomalies of optic disc (congenital deep cup, optic disc with anomalous embryonic hyaloid glial vascular remnants, coloboma of the optic disc, tilted disc and optic pit), pallor of the optic disc associated with high myopia, and optic neuropathy( anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy, compressive optic neuropathy, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy, parasyphlitic optic neuropathy , methanol induced optic disc excavation).
Therefore, in this study, the etiology of non glaucomatous optic disc cupping (NGODC) was analyzed and differentiated from glaucomatous optic disc cupping (GODC).
This study was conducted on 50 patients who detected of having optic nerve head cupping (C/D ratio 0.4 or more), these patients were examined for visual acuity, tonometry, color vision, relative afferent pupillary defect, ophthalmoscopic examination, OCT, perimetry in selected cases and neuroimaging in some cases.
from these cases , we have found 20 (40%) cases with glaucomatous optic neuropathy that was evidenced by optic nerve head changes by ophthalmoscopic examination , glaucomatous field changes in the suitable cases and by peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness by OCT, 11 cases (22%) were physiological cupping , 7 cases (14%) were ischemic optic neuropathies , 3 cases (6%)were compressive optic neuropathies ,2 cases (4%) were traumatic optic neuropathies ,1 case (2%) was inflammatory optic neuropathy ,3 cases(6%)were congenital optic neuropathies and 3 cases (6%) were diagnosed as high myopia.
The key features that differentiated NGODC from GODC were the color of the optic disc rim and the correlation between visual field defects and the disc appearance. The focally notched disc also aided in distinguishing between the two disorders.
The results of this study indicated that it is critical to acknowledge that non glaucomatous diseases also lead to ODC and that distinguishing between them is necessary.