الفهرس 
Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The assessment of ICP is essential in the management of acutely raised intracranial pressure where efforts to keep ICP down or actively reduced are needed. The ICP targeted therapy results in better outcome of the patient. The gold standard method of monitoring ICP is by invasive methods but its routine use is limited by a myriad of technical difficulties, complications and ready availability.
This systematic review shows that measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter for diagnosis of raised ICP performs very well. As undetected raised ICP can lead to catastrophic outcomes, clinicians prefer a diagnostic test with high sensitivity for raised ICP detection104. In cases where there is a clear guidelines for invasive ICP monitoring such as the International guidelines for ICP monitoring in TBI patients by the brain trauma foundation; dictating that in all TBI patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 8 or less, ICP monitoring is recommended54. We believe that measurement of ONSD may help decision making in cases for which there are no specific recommendations e.g. medical causes of raised ICP, craniosynostosis, and so forth. Furthermore, we should keep in mind that the patient should be treated holistically, meaning that interpretation of ONSD should be combined with a set of clinical and radiological signs104.
Depending on the clinical scenario in which a diagnostic test is to be used, a physician requires different test characteristics Ruling out a diagnosis requires high sensitivity and ruling in a diagnosis requires high specificity. In addition, when assessing the potential clinical role of a new diagnostic test, we must compare it to a relevant reference standard. A favorable test is one that will have comparable or superior diagnostic accuracy together with certain superior qualities, such as being more economical, being a faster examination, and having greater accessibility. Thus, we propose the measurement of ONSD as a relatively new tool to non-invasively estimate the ICP.