الفهرس 
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Abstract
A field experiment was established at the experimental farm of Water Studies and Research Complex (WSRC), Station, National Water Research Center, Toshka – Abu simbel City, Egypt which is located at latitude of 22o, 24`.11` N longitude of 31o, 35`.43` E and of altitude 188 m during the two successive growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. The source of irrigation is a well, which was dug in the studied area, to fulfill the purpose of the current study; three similarly experimental were chosen in a private experimental farm of water studies and research complex. The first experimental site was used surface drip irrigation whereas the second one was used sub-surface drip irrigation; while the third one was used integral drip irrigation (is new types of Micro irrigation. It is combination system between surface drip line & subsurface drip leak line, but the only different was using two laterals lines to irrigate each row, also the fertigation had been added through GR drip line, which was located on top of the bed). Each of studied sites was divided into two divisions to studied two sowing date (SD1) and (SD2) for each crop {barley seeds were planted at two dates in each growing season (first and second week of November), respectively; potato tubers were planted at two dates in each growing season (last week of October and second week of November), respectively and tomato seedlings were transplanting at two dates in each growing season (last week of July and August), respectively}. Each division was subdivision into two areas the first one used pulse irrigation (P.I on), while the other one used continues irrigation (P.I off). Finally, each area was further subdivision into two plots to study the effect of cobalt application; the first one has non-cobalt application (Co0) while the other one received cobalt application (Co1) at a rate of (7.5 ppm of cobalt sulfate). Each treatment was replicated three times. The experimental plots were distributed in a split-split design, the objectives of this study are:Determine the water requirements for barley, potato and tomato grown on the Toshka soils under the different irrigation systems.- Testing the suitability of the new irrigation system approach (integral drip irrigation) on rationalization crop water requirements of barley, potato and tomato yield grown in new reclaimed lands.- Testing some innovative water saving substances to enhancing the productivity and water use efficiency of barley, potato and tomato grown in Toshka at different sowing date.
- Study the individual and combined influence of irrigations systems, sowing date, pulse technique and cobalt application of rationalization crop water requirements of barley, potato and tomato grown in Toshka at different sowing date.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:-1. Barley.1. 2. Irrigation water applied.The results indicated that the average values of irrigation water applied were 2254.3,1591.3 and 1836.1 m3/ feddan in the first sowing date at (normal irrigation & without cobalt treatment) under surface irrigation system (IS1), subsurface irrigation system (IS2) and integral drip irrigation system (IS3), respectively.
• While it was 2373.3, 1691.1 and 1914.9 m3/ feddan in the second sowing date at (normal irrigation & without cobalt treatment) under the same corresponding irrigation systems..3. Barley yield and productivity of water applied.The results indicated that the barley yield values were increased in the first sowing date compared to the second sowing date. The results indicated that the mean barley yields were 2499.39 kg / feddan in the first sowing date, while it was 1302.67 kg / feddan in the second sowing dateAlso the results indicated that the influence of using cobalt application caused increases in the average barley yield between sowing date by 6.5 %, while the influence of using pulse technique decreases in the average barley yield between sowing date by 7.5%.In general, the results indicated that the mean productivity of water applied of barley increased in the first sowing date than the second sowing date.In addition, the results indicated that the influence of using cobalt application caused increases in the average productivity of water applied of barley between sowing date more than the influence of using pulse technique.
• Finally the data revealed that using (pulse technique + cobalt application) under the integral drip irrigation system in the first sowing date (first week of November) caused increases on water use efficiency of barley more than the same treatment under surface irrigation system and subsurface irrigation system on productivity of water applied of barley, respectively.
• According to the obtained results for the quartet interactions among the studied treatments (planting barley seeds in the first week of November , water regimes at depletion by 40 % from field capacity using integral drip irrigation technology, pulse technique and cobalt application), it might be recommended for achieving the best barley yield and productivity of water applied.
1.4. Barley nutritional status.
• The results indicated that there were synergistic relationships between cobalt application and (N, K, P and Mn) concentration. While there were antagonistic relationships between cobalt application and (Fe and Zn) concentration.
2. Potato.
2. 2. Irrigation water applied.
• The results indicated that the highest average values of irrigation water applied in the two sowing date were 1949.5, 1328.4 and 1612.3 m3/ feddan at (normal irrigation & without cobalt treatment) under surface irrigation system, subsurface irrigation system and integral drip irrigation system, respectively.
• The results indicated that the lowest average values of irrigation water applied in the two sowing date were 1759.8, 1216.0 and 1522.3 m3/ feddan with using cobalt application and pulse technique treatment under surface irrigation system, subsurface irrigation system and integral drip irrigation system, respectively.It can be noticed that applying cobalt application, pulse technique under each irrigation system gave the best irrigation water applied decreased results than the other treatment in both seasons.2.3. Potato yield and productivity of water applied.In general, the results indicated that potato yield values were increased in the second sowing date compared to the first sowing date under integral drip irrigation system and surface irrigation system, while under subsurface irrigation system the reverse was right.The results indicated that the mean potato yield increased in the second sowing date by 7.4% from in the first sowing date.•The results indicated that the average values of potato yield in the two sowing date were 6501.3, 7640.9 and 11751.3 kg/ feddan at (normal irrigation & without cobalt treatment) under surface irrigation system, subsurface irrigation system and integral drip irrigation system, respectivelyAlso the results indicated that the influence of using cobalt application caused increases in the average potato yield between sowing date by 33.6 %, while the influence of using pulse technique increases in the average potato yield between sowing date by 10.5%.
• The data revealed that using (pulse technique + cobalt application) under the integral drip irrigation system in the second sowing date (second week of November) caused increases on potato yield more than the same treatment under surface irrigation system and subsurface irrigation system on potato yield, respectively.
• The results indicated that the mean productivity of water applied of potato increased in the second sowing date more than the first sowing date.Finally the data revealed that using (pulse technique + cobalt application) under the integral drip irrigation system in the second sowing date (second week of November) caused increases on productivity of water applied of potato more than the same treatment under surface irrigation system and subsurface irrigation system on water use efficiency of potato, respectively.2.4. Potato nutritional status.The results indicated that there were synergistic relationships between cobalt application and (N, K, p and Fe) concentration. While there were antagonistic relationships between cobalt application and (Mn and Zn) concentration.
3. Tomato.
3. 2. Irrigation water applied.
• The results indicated that the highest average values of irrigation water applied in the two sowing date were 3091.8, 2403.9 and 2819.3 m3/ feddan at (normal irrigation & without cobalt treatment) under surface irrigation system, subsurface irrigation system and integral drip irrigation system, respectively.The results indicated that the lowest average values of irrigation water applied in the two sowing date were 2694.8, 2217.0 and 2487.1 m3/ feddan with using cobalt application and pulse technique treatment under surface irrigation system, subsurface irrigation system and integral drip irrigation system, respectively.It can be noticed that applying cobalt application, pulse technique under each irrigation system gave the best irrigation water applied decreased results than the other treatment in both seasons.
2.3. Tomato yield and productivity of water applied.
• The results indicated that the average values of tomato yield were 3190.0, 1410.0 and 6495.0 kg/ feddan in the first sowing date at (normal irrigation & without cobalt treatment) under surface irrigation system, subsurface irrigation system and integral drip irrigation system, respectively. While it was 10624.0, 7540.0 and 14419.7 kg/ feddan in the second sowing date at (normal irrigation & without cobalt treatment) under the same corresponding irrigation systems.
• In addition, the results indicated that the influence of using cobalt application caused increases in the average productivity of water applied of tomato between sowing date more than the influence of using pulse technique increases in the average tomato yield between sowing date.Finally the data revealed that using (pulse technique + cobalt application) under the integral drip irrigation system in the second sowing date (last week of August) caused increases on productivity of water applied of tomato which were 13.9 (Kg/m3) more than the same treatment under subsurface irrigation system (5.2 Kg/ m3) and surface irrigation system (8.4 Kg/m 3), respectively.
3.4. Tomato nutritional status.The results indicated that there were synergistic relationships between cobalt application and (N, K, P, Mn and Zn) concentration. While there were antagonistic relationships between cobalt application and (Fe) concentration.