الفهرس 
Pathophysiology of Organ Dysfunction
PrognosisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension are at an increased risk of the development of circulatory dysfunction that may potentially result in multiple organ failure. Apart from the liver, this may involve the heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organ systems. The most effective and only radical treatment of organ dysfunction associated with end stage liver disease is a liver transplantation.
Aim of the Essay: The aim of the essay is to throw the light on organ dysfunction associated with end stage liver disease and discuss recent trends in management.
Conclusion: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is defined as renal failure in the absence of underlying renal pathology. Vasoconstrictor drugs or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are effective therapies in the renal function improvement. Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized as a triad: liver disease, intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and arterial hypoxemia. In hepatic encephalopathy (HE) Ammonia is believed to play crucial role in pathogenesis of HE. Rifaximin and lactulose are approved by the FDA for the treatment of HE . Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy(CCM) is characterized by reduced cardiac contractility with systolic and diastolic dysfunction and prolongation of the QT interval. Some serum markers as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) can be high in CCM. At present, the only radical treatment of organ dysfunction associated with end stage liver disease is a liver transplantation.