الفهرس 
Definition, distribution, and importance of lectinsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Lectins have drawn the attention of many researchers
recently due to their diverse biological properties. This
attracted the attention of using lectins in many areas
including Science, Medicine, Pharmacy, and Biotechnology.
In this study, lectins from ten leguminous seeds (Fava
bean, Lentil, Lima bean, Pea, Soy bean, and five cultivars of
Phaseolus vulgaris) were isolated by ammonium sulfate
precipitation at saturation (30%,70%,90%) followed by
dialysis process overnight in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at
4°C.The results showed that the highest significant
concentration values of lectins recorded in Soy bean, and
Lima bean (at 90% fractions) were 14.973, and 13.237 mg/g
respectively followed by Pea (10.64 mg/g). In case of the
tested Phaseolus cultivars, the highest significant values
were recorded (at 90% fraction) with Shalatine (9.467 mg/g)
followed by10YLHJ49 (7.167mg/g), Diacole (6.133 mg/g),
and Contender (5.567 mg/g).
According to similarity in sugar binding, purification
process using affinity chromatography was performed to
Fava bean, Lentil, and Pea. It was cleared that the highest
significant yields of purified lectins were in case of Pea seeds
(1.4863 mg/g) followed by Fava bean (0.5047mg/g), andSDS-PAGE was used to detect the molecular weight
of lectins, and the results showed that legume lectins are
found on the expected regions (range 17-31 kDa).
Furthermore, Hemagglutination activity of lectins
against all human blood groups (A, B, AB, and O) was
recorded. It was found that the legume lectins agglutinated
all human blood cells.
Moreover, Inhibition of hemagglutination was carried
out using sugars (galactose, glucose, maltose, mannose, and
sucrose), and the results indicated that lectins from Lima
bean, and Soy bean were inhibited by one sugar (galactose)
and lectins from Fava bean, Lentil, and Pea were inhibited
by two sugars (glucose and mannose sugars). The purified
90% fractions of Fava bean, Lentil, and Pea were similar in
their hemagglutination inhibition to that of their dialysed
forms since, all of them are inhibited by glucose and
mannose sugars. In case of Phaseolus cultivars, the results
showed that galactose and mannose inhibited the
agglutination activity of all the five tested lectins. Maltose
inhibited the hemagglutination activity of lectins from seeds
of cultivars. Contender, Diacole, and 10YLHJ49.
The examination of antimicrobial activities of lectins
was performed using agar-well diffusion method. The
results showed that all lectins from leguminous seeds emonstrated a remarkable antibacterial activity against all
tested bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538,
Streptococcus mutants ATCC25175, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Klebsiella. on other hand
Escherichia coli 0157: HZ ATCC 51659 was not inhibited.
Lectins also had a potent antifungal activity against Candida
albicans. The largest significant inhibition zone diameters
(38.5 & 25.2 mm) were recorded in 90%fraction of Soy
bean, and Lima bean respectively against Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. Also, the inhibition zone diameters were
recorded with 90% fraction (37, 34, and 29 mm) of the
lectins of cultivars, Shalatine, Diacole, and Contender
respectively against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Lectins purified from Lentil seeds gave inhibition
zone diameter of 35 mm against Staphylococcus aureus
followed by that of Pea seeds (33.5 & 29.5 mm) against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia
respectively. All purified lectins from Fava bean, Lentil, and
Pea had antifungal effect against Candida albicans and the
highest inhibition zone diameter occurred in Fava bean
(25mm).
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test
was performed to all dialysed lectin (90% fractions) under
study, and the results showed that the lowest values were reported (1.95 μg/ml) in Lentil against Staphylococcus
aureus, and in Lima bean against Klebsiella pneumonia and
Candida albicans.
As far as we are aware, our work is the first approach
that showed photographs of scanning electron microscope
(SEM) before and after treatment (90% fraction) of the
lectins extracted from the Egyptian Shalatine seeds against
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also,
legume seeds (Fava bean/ Sakha 1, Lentil/ Giza 51, and Pea/
master Pea 38) against Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans
respectively. The photomicrographs showed agglutination
and clumping of tested bacterial and fungal cells and change
in the shape and size of microbial cells. In many cases
destruction of microbial cells was also observed. This
finding indicates that legume lectins considered to be used
in the biotechnology as an alternative way to inhibit the
growth of human pathogenic microorganisms.
Lentil (0.4830 mg/g).