الفهرس 
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Abstract
This research was carried out to investigate the effect of inner stirrups contribution with the hanger steel reinforcement on the behavior of ledge beam under vertical load acting at the ledge part at mid span. The main variables were the distribution of internal vertical stirrups and the eccentricity of vertical loads which were experimentally and numerically investigated in this research program. In addition, the effective width for the outer stirrups were compared with the codes provisions of PCI and ACI. The findings of this study will enable engineers to predict accurate behavior for the contribution of inner stirrups with the hanger steel reinforcement on the behavior of ledge beams at both the serviceability and ultimate stages.
The experimental program consisted of testing six beams with the same concrete dimension. Three beams had identical steel reinforcement, one of them used as a control beam and the other two beams were used to investigate the vertical load eccentricity acting on the ledge while the others three remaining beams had a variable inner stirrups distribution to investigate the effect of inner stirrups contribution with the hanger steel reinforcement.
A numerical models using a non-linear finite element program “Abaqus 6.10” were developed. The models were verified against the experimental results and showed a good agreement with the results of the experimentally tested beams. The validated models were then used to
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conduct a parametric study to examine a wider range of parameters and to propose a design guidelines for such beams.