الفهرس 
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Abstract
HCAI is known as an infection that is acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection and that infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. This includes infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge and also occupational infections among staff of the facility
The most common types of HCAIs are Catheter associated UTI, VAP, SSIand Central line associated BSI.
HCAIs may occur in any department of the hospital but the most common wards are the ICUs due tomalnutrition, chronic lung diseases, trauma, endotracheal intubation, central venous catheterization, urinary catheter ,blood transfusion, antimicrobial therapy, immobalization, prolonged stay,inadequate hygienic conditions, insufficient equipment, lack of facilities.
The aim of our study is to determine the rate and microbiology of LRTIs in ICUs patients at Beni-Suef University Hospital before and after implementation of an infection control program.
The study was conducted on 6 ICUs General medical, Neonatal, Chest, Neurological, Surgical and CCU over one year.
After implementing the infection control program, we found that the incidence of all ICU-acquired infection decreased from (10.8% to 6.7%) , UTI decreased from (5.4% to 3.8%), Pneumonia decreased from (3.7% to 1.7%) and BSI decreased from (1.8% to 1.4%).
Our study found that the incidence of ICU-acquired pneumonia/1000 ICU-days decreased from (4/1000 to 1.8/1000) and the incidence of VAPs decreased from (62% to 57.2%) and VAPs/1000 ICU-days decreased from (20/1000 to 8.7/1000).
We also found that acinitobacter was the most common organism causing ICU acquired pneumonia and S.aureus was the second most common organism followed by Klebsiella Pneumonie.
After taking environmental swabs from the 6 ICUs before and after implementation of infection control program we found that doors and washtub and beds were the common environmental source of infection.
Finally; It is concluded that Implementation of the infection control measures decrease rate of HCA LRTIs in the ICUs at Beni-Suef University Hospital decreasing hospital stay, additional costs for patients and their families and decrease resistance to antimicrobials.
Future studies should include a larger number of ICUs with large number of patients, newer techniques and facilities for long period to determin the rate of HCA LRTIs.