الفهرس 
Renal involvementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Leukemia is the most common malignant tumors in children.ALL represents the commonest type of leukemia. It represents more than 75% of cases of leukemia.Treatment of ALL depends mainly on cytotoxic drugs. The commonest used group is a group of drugs called anthracyclines. The most important drug of this group is Doxorubicin.Doxorubicin has been used for a long time in human malignancies either alone or combined with other cytotoxic agents.However, its use is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects.There are several strategies that aim at overcoming this problem such as dose modification, longer infusion time, using less toxic anthracyclines like Doxil or finally using some agents added to anthracyclines helping in cardiac protection and also not affect the efficacy of anthracyclines like vitamins A,E and C.Black seed is a plant present in the nature for several decades.It’s active substance is called thymoquinone . It has several uses.It can be used as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory drug. It shows a cardio protective property. It can prevent oxidation of free radicals in heart tissue and also protects cardiac muscle itself.