الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide with about 1.7 million new diagnosed cases and 521.900 deaths in 2012.In recent decades, advances in breast surgery and reconstruction have led to significant improvements in the quality of life for many patients.
Although breast-conserving surgery has remained the treatment of choice for many, up to a third of patients still require, or re¬quest, a mastectomy in order to achieve local disease control.
The primary aim of surgical intervention in breast cancer is to achieve optimal local disease control, although secondary aims have emerged, such as good cosmetic outcomes and high pa¬tient satisfaction. Mastectomy techniques have evolved from radical and modified mastectomy towards surgical methods that facilitate reconstruction and tend to lead to good cosmetic outcomes, the standard skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) and, more recently, the nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM).
First described by Freeman in the 1960s, NSM was traditionally utilized for benign breast lesions. Although there were sporadic reports of mastectomy with NAC preservation for breast cancer treatment in the 1980s the technique fell into disuse during subsequent years due to controversies about its oncologic safety. In 2012, Petit et al reported that the rate of local recurrence in the breast and the NAC was 3.6% and 0.8%, respectively. Several other publications confirmed the safety of the NSM in selected patients.