الفهرس 
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Abstract
Fifty cold smoked herring samples were collected from different localities in Ismailia Governorate, from supermarkets and retail shops in which the smoked herring fish under different trade name with an average weight of 125-150 gm in Ice box and transferred to the laboratory of Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University without delay to be examined mycologically.
7.1 Incidence of mould species:
The incidence of mould species in the examined cold smoked herring revealed that 37(74%) out of 50 cold smoked herring samples were positive, and 13(26%) cold herring samples were negative.
7.2 Total of mould count:
The mean value of the total mould count cfu/g in the examined cold smoked herring samples were 7×10ˉ1 ± 1x10ˉ1 with a minimum value of ≤10-1 and with maximum value of 7×10ˉ2.
7.3 Identification of mould species:
Ten mould genera which included 290 mould species could be isolated and identified with the following number and percentages of the identified mould genera ; Aspergillus 60 (20.70%) ; Penicillium 45 (15.51%) ; Mucor 40 (13.80%) ; Cladosporium with 30(10.34%) ; Geotrichum
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30(10.34%) ; Absidia spp 20(6.90 %) ; Alternaria 20( 6.90% ); Rhizopus with 20(6.90%); Paecilomyces with 15 (5.17%) and Unidentified mould species with 10 (3.44% ) .It is noticed that Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor , Cladosporium and Geotrichum species were the most prevalent mould genera which could be isolated in the examined cold smoked herring samples.
7.3.1 Identification of Aspergillus species:
The results showed that further identification of genus Aspergillus to 6 species with 60 frequencies in which A. niger Van Tieghem and A. flavus Links ex Fries were the most prevalent mould species with 35 (58,4%) and 10 (16.7%) respectively, while A. parasiticus Spear, A. oryzae Cohn, A. fumigatus Fresenius and A. flavus var columnaris ,n.var with 5(8.3%) , 5 (8.3%) , 3(5,0%) and 2(3.3%) receptively.
7.3.2 Identification of Penicillium species:
The results obtained in this studies which showed the incidence of Penicillium species in the examined cold smoked herring samples ,6 Penicillium species with 45 frequencies were identified into P. verrucosum var. cyclopium 11(24.5%), P.verrucosum var. ochraceum 10 (22.2%), P.verrucosum var. verrucosum 10(22.2%) and P. granulatum 6(13.3%),P. Expansum 5(11.1%) and P. citrinum with 3(6.7%).
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7.4 Screening of Toxigenic Aspergillus species:
Sixty Aspergillus species were examined for its toxigenic properties on coconut cream agar. 30 Aspergillus species could be confirmed to be toxigenic, the number and percentages of the identified toxigenic Aspergillus species were; A. niger Van Tieghem with 10 (28.6%), A. flavus Link with 9(90.0%) , A. parasiticus Speare with 5 (100.0%), A. oryzae Cohn with 2 (40.0%) , A. fumigatus Fresenius with 2 (66.7%) and A. flavus var. columnaris, n.var with 2(100.0%) . When the ecological parameters required for growth and multiplication of the mould species are present, they can grow and produce mycotoxins in the food, it is documented that Aflatoxins could be detected without apparently mould growth. All types of mould species were considered toxic until prove that it is not toxic.
7.4.1 Screening of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species:
The results revealed that 30 toxigenic Aspergillus species could be screened for its ability for Aflatoxins production; 12 Aspergillus species produced Aflatoxin B1, 11 species of Aspergillus species produced Aflatoxin G1 and 7 Aspergillus species produced Aflatoxin G2. 10 species of A. Niger Van Tieghem produced G1 and G2 by 6 (60.0 %) and 4 (40.0%) respectively; 9 (100.0%) A. flavus Links ex Fries produce B1; 5 species of A. parasiticus
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Speare species produced B1 , G1 and G2 with 2(40.0%) , 2(40.0%) and 1(20.0%). ,respectively. The 2 species of A. oryzae in which one species produced G1 with 1(50.0%) and the other species produced G2 with 1(50.0%). 2 species of A. fumigatus produced G1 and G2 with 1(50.0%) and 1(50.0%) and 2 species of Aspergillus flavus var columnaris produced B1, G1 with 1(50.0%), and 1(50.0%) ,respectively. More than one Aflatoxin can produce by the same Aspergillus species.
The significance important of the occurrence of the mould species in the examined cold smoked herring and the Aflatoxigenic production ability of the isolated Aspergillus species were discussed from the general wellbeing perspective.