الفهرس 
Down syndromeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Down syndrome, a trisomy of chromosome 21, is the most common anomaly of chromosome number in humans, and is a common disorder affecting many tissues both during development and later on in adult life; the principle feature of all cases is a specific form of mental retardation, which is combined with a range of variable traits. Clinical manifestations of DS include cognitive impairment, craniofacial dysmorphism, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, congenital heart defects, endocrine abnormalities, immunologic defects, and neurologic deficits associated with early onset dementia. It has been reported that autoimmune conditions such as thyroid gland disorders, diabetes mellitus, and gluten enteropathy are more common in children with Down syndrome than in those without this condition.