الفهرس 
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Abstract
Microcytic anemia is a common category of anemia. Common causes of microcytic hypochromic anemias in children include: iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia syndromes (β-thalassemia, α-thalassemia and thalassemic hemoglobinopathies), anemia of chronic diseases, sideroblastic anemia and to lesser extent anemia of chronic lead poisoning f associated with iron deficiency.
Iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait are the most common confusing forms of microcytic anemia. Differentiating mild or moderate IDA from thalassemia trait can be a diagnostic dilemma, as both conditions share many characteristics. Obviously a correct diagnosis in patients with microcytic anemia is important: it can provide an indication for supplementing iron to IDA patients, for avoiding unnecessary iron therapy in thalassemia carriers and of course also for preventing severe and lethal forms of thalassemia syndromes in the framework of premarital counseling in high-prevalence areas.
Beta-thalassaemia trait (minor), is asymptomatic and results in microcytosis and mild anemia.
The majority of carriers are unaware of having these disorders. It is important for these individuals to become aware of their own fault because in the case of union with another immune carrier is the probability of generating: 25% a child with beta-thalassemia major , that
is to say a child of 4 will be having.
The high frequency of β-thalassemia carriers with increasing rate of newly born cases is a pressing reason for the importance to develop prevention program for β-thalassemia in Egypt.
Although obtaining a detailed family and nutritional history is a part of the diagnostic process in such children, haematological parameters are often measured to confirm the etiology. The routine blood count is widely available and inexpensive to perform.
The diagnosis of βTT is established by the presence of characteristic red blood cell microcytosis and elevated levels of HbA2. However, in some mutations of βTT and in heterozygous α thalassemia, HbA2 is not elevated.
The main objective of this study : Detection of frequency of β-Thalassemia trait and Iron deficiency anemia among children with microcytic hypochromic anemia .
Regarding our study group, All members were subjected to full history taking , thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations were done for all patients.
Children who attended the pediatric outpatient clinic in the duration from October 2015 to October 2016) were enrolled in the study. Informed consent from parents were taken as well as a permission from the ethical committee of the medical school of the Menoufia University to perform this study.
There is significant high Serum ferritin and high significant Reticulocytic count compared to those of iron deficiency anemia.While they had low MCV and TIBC , significant low RDW and highly significant low Mentezer index(MCV/RBCs) compared to iron deficiency anemia children