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Abstract The present work is concerned with the detailed study of fossil diatom and NPPs assemblages that recognized from the late Holocene sediments of the Edku Lake. The study is based on 138 subsurface samples obtained from five short cores recovered from the Lake at depth interval varying from 100 cm to 230 cm. The location of the studied cores were selected to cover various environmental variables that may be important to water quality (e.g. from lesser to more highly polluted sites). The cores were taken using 50mm diameter piston-corer. The core samples were longitudinally sub-sectioned at 3 cm intervals and dried in an oven at 50 °C for 24 h, then weighed to determine their total dry weight. The core samples are consisted mainly of dark greenish-gray to olive-gray silty mud rich in organic matter interrupted somewhat with sandy layer. Most of the topmost part of the studied cores enriched with mollusc shells. Detailed investigation of diatoms in the studied sediments has led to identify 115 species belonging to 43 genera, 29 families, 18 orders, 6 subclasses and 3 classes. The identified diatom species are studied taxonomically with general description, ecological preferences, world geographic distribution and geological range. The Npps are represented by fungal palynomorphs, foraminiferal test lining, zoological remains, algal remains and other findings |