الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work was conducted to study the effect of partial replacement of soybean protein by sunflower meal without or with essential oil mixture supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal histopathology of broiler chicken.
A total of 180 one-day-old dual purpose chicks of mixed sex were used in this experiment The broiler chicks were randomly allotted into 6 equal groups (30 chicks/group) and fed on different experimental diets contained different levels of sunflower meal as a substitute of the soybean protein without or with the essential oil supplementation (Digestarom) as the following experimental design:
group No. SFM inclusion (Percentage of SBOM protein) * EOM (Digestarom)**
0.0% 15% 30%
1 (control) + -- -- --
2 + -- -- +
3 -- + -- --
4 -- + -- +
5 -- -- + --
6 -- -- + +
The obtained results are summarized in the following:
• Results showed that 15% replacement of soybean protein by SFM significantly (P≤0.05) increased final body weight by about 10.1% while, 30% replacement non-significantly increased final weight by about 0.9% compared with the control.
• EOM supplementation with 0% or 30% of soybean protein replacement by SFM significantly increased final body weight of broiler chicken, while 15% of soybean protein by SFM non-significantly increased final weight compared with broiler chicken group fed on the same diet without supplementation of EOM.
• It was observed that 0.0, 15% or 30% replacement of soybean protein by SFM with EOM supplementation significantly (P≤0.05) increased body gain throughout the whole experimental period by about 13.9%, 5.4% and 7.1% respectively when compared with groups fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation .
• Inclusion of SFM instead of 15% or 30% soybean protein slightly increased total feed intake throughout the whole experimental period by about 1.7% and 5.9% respectively compared with the control .EOM supplementation numerically increased total feed intake of broiler chicken when compared with broiler chicken group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation except with 15% soybean protein replacement by SFM which exhibit nearly the same intake.
• Inclusion of SFM instead of 15% of soybean protein significantly (P≤0.05) improved average FCR ,while higher inclusion level of SFM instead of soybean protein significantly (P≤0.05) deteriorate average FCR when compared with the control diet. Moreover, 0.0 or 15% replacement of soybean protein by SFM with EOM supplementation significantly (P≤0.05) improved average FCR by about 10.5% and 6.2% respectively while, higher inclusion level of SFM with EOM supplementation had no effect on the average FCR of broiler chicken compared with the group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.
• Replacement of soybean protein 15% by SFM significantly improved EEU through the whole experimental period while higher replacement level (30%) significantly deteriorate average EEU .
• Replacement of soybean protein 0.0% or 15% by SFM with EOM supplementation significantly improved average EEU throughout the whole experimental period by about 10.7% and 7% respectively when compared with broiler chicken group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation
• Soybean protein replacement by SFM 0.0, 15% or 30% with EOM supplementation significantly increased WBCs count, improved RBCs count and Hb% when compared with broiler chicken fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.
• The results of serum biochemistry showed an improvement in serum concentrations of total protein and globulin by EOM supplemented group.
• Replacement of soybean 15% or 30%, without or with EOM supplementation had no effect on blood serum uric acids and creatinine concentrations compared with control without or with essential oil supplementation.
• It was observed that 15% or 30% replacement of soybean protein by SFM numerically reduced GOT and GPT serum activities compared with control. While, 0.0% or 15% replacement by SFM with EOM supplementation improved liver function through numerical reduction of GOT and GPT serum activity compared with broiler chicken group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.
• Results showed that 15% or 30% replacement of soybean protein by SFM decreased serum triglycerides concentration, significantly increased blood serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations compared with control.
• The levels 0.0%, 15% or 30% replacement of soybean protein by SFM with EOM supplementation significantly (P≤0.05) increased serum triglycerides concentration , numerically decreased blood serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations compared with broiler chicken group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.
• At 15% or 30% replacement levels of soybean protein by SFM had no significant effect on phagocytic activity, significantly improved phagocytic index when compared with control group fed on corn-soybean meal based diet. it was observed that 0.0, 15% or 30% replacement of soybean protein by SFM with EOM supplementation improved phagocytic activity of broiler chicken compared with chicks group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.
• The obtained data revealed that 15% or 30% replacement of soybean protein by SFM significantly (P≤0.05) increased antibody titer against Newcastle disease vaccine at 21th, 35th and 49th of broiler age compared with control group. EOM supplementation improved antibody titer against Newcastle disease vaccine at 21th, 35th and 49th of broiler age compared with broiler chicks group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.
• Results showed that 15% or 30% of soybean protein replacement by SFM non-significantly (P≥0.05) decreased spleen weight except higher inclusion rate of SFM significantly (P≤0.05) reduced spleen relative weight when compared with control.
• EOM supplementation with different replacement of soybean protein by SFM improved spleen weight and relative weight except with corn-soybean based diet compared with broiler chicken group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.
• It was observed that 15% or 30% of soybean protein replacement by SFM improved thymus gland and bursa weight when compared with control. Also, EOM supplementation improved both thymus gland and bursa weight compared with broiler chicken group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.
• The obtained data showed that inclusion of SFM instead of soybean protein without or with EOM supplementation significantly (P≤0.05) improved dressing percentage when compared with control.
• The replacement of 15% or 30% of soybean protein by SFM significantly (P≤0.05) increased total bacterial counts compared control group.
• At 0 %, 15% or 30% of soybean protein replacement levels by SFM with EOM supplementation had no significant effect on intestinal total bacterial counts compared with groups fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.
• Replacement of soybean protein by SFM (15% or 30%) significantly (P≤0.05) reduced total coliform counts compared with broiler chicken group fed on corn– soybean based diet.
• Results showed that 15% of soybean protein replacement by SFM significantly (P≤0.05) increased ileum villi length and non-significantly (P≥0.05) improved crypt depth and width when compared with control group.
• It was observed that 0.0, 15% or 30% of soybean protein replacement by SFM with EOM supplementation improved ileum villi length, crypt depth and width compared with broiler chicks group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.
• The obtained data revealed that replacement of 15% or 30% of soybean protein by sunflower meal had no clear effect on broiler chicken mortality compared with control. EOM supplementation had no effect on mortality rate of broiler chickens.
• The obtained data revealed that replacement of 15% soybean protein by SFM improved EPEF while 30% reduced EPEF when compared with control group.
• Replacement of 0%, 15% or 30% of soybean protein by SFM with EOM supplementation improved EPEF when compared with broiler chicken group fed on the same diet without EOM supplementation.