الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out at the Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Egypt, and Field Crops, Department of the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, during the period from 2012 to 2017. Five peanut cultivars namely; Giza 5, Giza 6, Ismailia-1, Gregory and R92 were used in this study, which were obtained from Oil Crop Research Department, Field Crops Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. These five peanut cultivars were grown for two seasons (2013, 2014) in a randomized complete block design with five replications at the Research and Production Station of the National Research Center in El-Nubaria, Al-Beheira Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the performance of these cultivars for oil content and some related traits. In addition, molecular markers were performed by using PCR based technique such as RAPD-PCR and SSR-PCR techniques to obtain molecular markers associated with oil content trait and to show the genetic relationships among the five tested peanut cultivars.
The obtained results can be summarized in the following steps:
1. Field experiments
a) vegetative growth traits
1. Leaf area index did not recorde significant differences, while the other traits showed significant differences among the five tested peanut cultivars.
2. Giza-6 cultivar surpassed all the tested peanut cultivars in the most vegetative growth traits, except plant height and leaf area traits, while the lowest values were observed for Giza-5 cultivar.
3. R92 cultivar exhibited the highest values for plant height, leaf area traits.
SUMMARY
Ghada M. Zaki Abdel-Aal (2017), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
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b) Yield and yield components traits
1. All the traits showed significant differences among the five tested peanut cultivars.
2. Giza-6 cultivar surpassed all the tested peanut cultivars in most yield and its components traits, while the lowest values were observed in Giza-5 cultivar.
c) Seed quality determination
1. Significant differences were detected among the five tested peanut cultivars in all studied traits.
2. Giza-5 cultivar surpassed all the tested peanut cultivars for protein content trait, while the lowest value was observed for Gregory cultivar.
3. Gregory cultivar recorded the highest value for oil content trait, while Giza-5 cultivar exhibited the lowest value.
4. Gregory cultivar was more suitable for oil quality as compared with the other cultivars.
2. Molecular genetic studies
The two cultivars; Gregory (as the highest oil content ) and Giza 5 (as the lowest oil content) were used to obtain RAPD and SSR markers associated with oil content trait and to detect genetic relationships among the five tested peanut cultivars.
a) RAPD markers
1. Thirty four RAPD primers were used to detect molecular markers associated with oil content trait. Only nineteen primers revealed a polymorphism with the five tested peanut cultivars, while only ten of them developed molecular markers for oil content trait.
2. The nineteen RAPD primers produced a total number of 152 fragments, with an average of eight fragments per primer ranging
SUMMARY
Ghada M. Zaki Abdel-Aal (2017), Ph.D., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
81
from five fragments with primers OP-A02, OP-A11, OP-A17, OP-B06 and OP-B10 to 17 fragments with primer OP-Z12.
3. RAPD-PCR analysis revealed five positive (OP-A05, OP-A07, OP-A10, OP-D10 and OP-Z12) and nine negative markers (OP-A04, OP-A07, OP-A11, OP-B04, OP-Z02 and OP-Z15) for oil content trait.
b) SSR markers
1. Ten SSR primers were used to detect molecular markers associated with oil content trait. Only four primers revealed a polymorphism with the five tested peanut cultivars, which only two of them developed molecular markers for oil content trait.
2. The four SSR primers produced a total number of 14 fragments, ranged from three fragments with IPAHM 103 and pPGPseq2A5 primers to four fragments with PM 36 and pPGSseq19D9 primers.
3. SSR-PCR analysis revealed two positive (PM 36) and one negative markers (IPAHM 103) for oil content trait.
c) Genetic relationships
The dendrograms constructed from RAPD, SSR as well as RAPD and SSR markers together showed that Gregory and Giza-5 were the most distance cultivars among the five tested peanut cultivars.