الفهرس 
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Abstract
In ceramics, the mechanical and optical properties depend on the amount
and the nature of crystalline phase and porosity present. Although increasing the
crystalline phase leads to crystalline enforcement and increase the resistance to
the crack propagation, actually, it also decrease the translucency. All ceramic
restorations containing high amounts of crystalline phase have higher mechanical
properties but they are usually more opaque compared to ceramic restorations with
low crystallinity (Ronald Sakaguchi, 2012).