الفهرس 
Abstract
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Abstract
AbstractWireless Sensor Networks are widely used in the last few years as a data collection solution in many fields (civilian, military ….) with multiple applications (target tracking, environmental monitoring….). Localization of a sensor node inside wireless sensor networks is one of the crucial issues in the studying and designing of these networks. Due to limitations of sensor’s hardware, it requires controllable criteria of hardware and software issues.
This thesis explains the different aspects of wireless sensor networks including the hardware architecture of sensor node as a construction unit for the these networks with illustration to different applications and fields to use in. The localization process and its challenges are mentioned and a comparison between algorithms and techniques for sensor localization is presented. The factors that affect design issues including different topologies, mobility matter of sensor nodes and security issues are also investigated. The newly presented hybrid localization technique gives promising results regarding the power consumption issue of the sensor nodes when using central localization by minimum number of nodes. It also guarantees stability and optimum results when the networks topologies change due to node failure or mobility of nodes to change their places. These results are driven by merging the received signal strength indicator method - which limits the communications between nodes to the range of radiation - with a newly presented field which is Social Network Analysis that studies relationships between nodes in any network with metrics and layouts. By using a combined metric between degree and closeness centralities (which are the simpler in calculations and that mean low processing time), we will gain the appropriate elected seeds that will be anchors for around nodes inside the network. Trilateration calculations will be applied between optimized elected nodes with higher centrality to localize the target nodes.
Many other enhancements could be achieved to localization problem in the future by using hybrid techniques in general, and in a special way when using SNA with all abilities that it has to study and define the WSN clearly.