الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction: The increasing reported sequelae of reactivating chronic latent toxoplasmosis synchronous with the extensive use of immuno-suppressive drugs before and after organ transplantations underscores a real need for a new treatment strategy for this protozoan disease. The basis of personalized medicine is that unique aspects of our biology, including our immune response can define novel diverse array of drug targets. Aim of the work: to elucidate the effects of sex on the course of chronic infections with Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan protozoon with diverse reproductive choices which impart significant challenges for effective and improved methods of control. Method: The study was conducted on Laboratory outbred mice infected with the ME49 type II cystogenic Toxoplasma strain represented the experimental model. Susceptibilty to infection and morbidity and the response of chronically infected male and female mice to treatment assessed in a group of infected male and female mice. Results : The overall analysis of the results of this study delineated a wealth of evidence has accumulated emphasizing that sex proved a variable that influenced the course, and the response to treatment of chronic latent toxoplasmosis. Female mice manifested exaggerated brain pathological lesions, high brain cyst burdens, and low serum IL-12 levels. On the other hand, in male mice, the response was completely divergent with mild brain lesions, lower brain cyst burdens, and higher serum levels of IL-12. female mice responded effectively to the anti-Toxoplasma drug-hormone co-therapy, a response which was significant from that of the other tested treatment regimens. On the other hand, co-adminstration of sex hormones with anti-Toxoplasma chemotherapeutics in the treatment of male mice proved no significant advantages over the other tested treatment regimens. Conclusion: In conclusion, from this novel study it can be deduced bona fide that sex differences in the course of chronic latent toxoplasmosis operate at the level of the immune system with sex steroid hormones as the principal effectors. If the long-term goal of personalizing treatment of latent toxoplasmosis is effective treatment of all individuals, so it is of supreme notoriety to give meticulous considerations to the patientʼs sex.