الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cowpea seeds and wheat grains are susceptible to attack by many
stored product insects post harvest. Heavy reliance on insecticides caused
many problems to human and the environment .
Research attentioned to seek for safe and ecofriendly environment
tools as alternatives to insecticides to avoid the invase of insects. As a
solution to these negative effect, the present study carried out some
laboratory experiments included three plant oils and powders of clove,
spearmint and orange, two inert dusts, silica and katelsous as well as the
chemical insecticide malathion as standard reference. Additional that the
current study involved one more safe physical measure, high
temperature.
Bioassay methods, mixing with medium (before and insect
infestation), the effect on the progeny of two most important insects, lesser grain borer, R. dominica and cowpea weevil, C. maculatus. Also the study evaluated the residual and repellent activity of the tested materials. The results demonstrated that the all tested materials achieved deterrent influence on %mortality, the eggs laying, the hatched eggs, the emerged adults and significantly decreased the percent of grain loss. Malathion had the highest effect on the all studied parameters.
Clove among oils and powders and katelsous among inert dusts
were the best materials for the investigated criteria. Temperature had a
good effect on the all stages of the two tested insects. The present
findings could be recommended to use the plant powders especially clove
and the physical tool temperature as safe alternatives to insecticide
malathion for control the lesser grain borer and cowpea weevils.